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154 月2024
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越南物流行业近年来实现了增长与改善。根据世界银行于2023年4月发布的报告，越南在物流绩效指数（LPI）139个国家中排名第43位，位列东盟前五，仅次于新加坡、马来西亚、泰国，与菲律宾并列。与2016年（第64位）相比，越南上升了21个位次；但与2018年（在160个国家中排名第39位）相比，越南下降了4个位次[1]. 。尽管排名有所下滑，但LPI得分已升至3.3分，高于2018年的3.27分[2]. 。这可能表明越南物流服务质量有所提升，但其他国家也在加大对该领域的投入.
According to the Vietnam Logistics Business Association, Vietnam’s logistics costs are still high. In 2014, it was 20.9%, this figure has decreased to an average of about 16-18% of GDP annually from 2018 to 2022. However, it is still much higher than the global average of 10.6%[3]. 。成本下降困难主要源于基础设施存在诸多限制、协同与联通不足、运输方式之间融合较弱，以及海运能力偏低。港口规划仍不充分，缺乏枢纽港和大型区域及国际物流中心[4]. Road transport remains the dominant method (accounting for 74.7% of total cargo transport volume in the first 9 months of 2021), followed by inland waterways (19.84%) and maritime transport (5.10%). Rail and air transport volumes remain very limited, accounting for only 0.34% and 0.02% of total cargo volume transported, respectively[5].
除基础设施方面的困难外，服务提供商的能力还体现在物流服务质量指数、时效性和货物跟踪能力上[6]. In 2019, the number of Vietnamese enterprises accounted for 88%, joint venture enterprises accounted for 10% and foreign enterprises accounted for 2%. However, the market share of FDI enterprises accounted for 70-80%. Most Vietnamese logistics businesses provide basic services and often subcontracting or acting as agents for foreign-invested enterprises. The workforce in the logistics industry is lacking in both quantity and quality. For domestic enterprises, 93-95% of employees are not trained in logistics, mainly working in small supply chains. such as delivery, warehousing, and handling of shipments[7].
《国家数字化转型计划到2025年，面向2030年》（2020年6月3日总理第749/QD-TTg号决定）明确提出了8个数字化转型优先领域，其中包括物流行业[8]. Although up to 50 – 60% of businesses in most services are applying many different types of technology[9], according to VLA’s 2018 survey, the level of science and technology application in Vietnam is still not high, Most are single solutions. About 40% of information technology applications currently used in logistics enterprises are basic applications such as international forwarding management, warehouse management, transportation management, and data exchange. In addition, there are financial difficulties to develop technology and human resources when only 6.7% of businesses are satisfied with the expertise of their employees[10].
规范物流活动的法律体系尚不完善。尽管该行业的法律框架已在多项文件中建立，但相关具体政策及其实施细则尚未得到充分落实。有关物流主体的规定分散在许多法律文件中，因此在实际应用时会带来困难，甚至出现重叠[11]. 。物流行业仍面临若干困难，需要克服这些问题，以提升物流部门的竞争力，并支持经济发展。.
