新的道路运输法律框架，以《2024年道路交通秩序与安全法》的出台（自2025年1月1日起生效）为核心，并结合《41/2023/TT-BGTVT号通知》等技术指导文件，以及《168/2024/NĐ-CP号法令》规定的处罚力度大幅提高，已为越南物流行业带来战略性转折。这些法规标志着基于宽容的运输模式结束，并迫使企业转向绝对合规模式。.

来源：Kctcvn.com

2025年道路运输新法律框架：基础与核心变化

新的道路交通法律框架由两大部分构成。第一部分是《2024年道路交通秩序与安全法》，重点关注车辆驾驶人管理、安全交通文化建设以及数据库系统管理。该法自2025年1月1日起生效，并引入12分制驾驶证管理体系。.[1] 第二部分是对物流运营影响最直接且最显著的下位法文件，包括《35/2023/TT-BGTVT号通知》、 《41/2023/TT-BGTVT号通知》、关于车辆技术限值和货物装载的详细规定，以及关于处罚措施的《168/2024/NĐ-CP号法令》（取代《100/2019/NĐ-CP号法令》）。.[2] 

2025年1月1日前后越南道路运输法律框架

资料来源：B&Company 的综合报告

严格的技术法规与不断提高的处罚力度相结合，重塑了运营风险格局。最高风险并非罚款，而是因驾驶证被吊销导致驾驶人员流失，从而严重扰乱持续运输运营。这迫使企业将合规置于一切工作的首位。.

对供应链效率影响的分析

系统性处罚与风险（第168/2024号法令）

来源：Vantaianlocphat.vn

处罚力度的提高，尤其是实施吊销驾驶证等附加处罚，给运输企业带来了重大风险。据统计，法律生效后，52.5%的企业正面临成本最高增加10%的情况，67.5%的企业面临交付时间延长超过10%的问题。交付绩效显著下降，仅有44.7%的企业保持70-89%的准时交付率。约80%的企业报告出现中度至非常严重的运营中断，长途运输行业受到的影响尤为明显。70%的企业表示，由于法规缩短驾驶时长及提高处罚力度，运营成本受到严重影响。.[3]

尺寸限制及其运营影响

来源：Vantaianlocphat.vn

此外，严格执行载重法规会增加车辆在称重站的检查时间并降低运输速度，尤其是对涉嫌违规的车辆而言。罚款或卸货风险降低了供应链的可预测性，对JIT（准时制）模式构成重大风险，尤其是在汽车和电子行业。为应对这一问题，制造商必须增加安全库存，这会推高库存成本，并影响供应链中的营运资金效率。.

此外，新的尺寸限制将空间优化压力从运输环节转移至生产和包装环节。4.35米的集装箱高度限制给纺织品和电子元件等体积较大货物的运输带来了挑战，因为企业无法充分利用40英尺HC集装箱的垂直空间。因此，供应链管理者必须从产品设计阶段起就调整包装流程，以符合相关法规并最大化货物装载密度。对于散装货物而言，卡车车厢高度规定迫使企业接受较低的体积装载率，即使货物重量尚未达到最大允许载重。.[4]

可以看出，2025年道路运输法律框架的变化给物流企业及拥有广泛供应链的企业带来了相当大的压力。与此同时，这些变化也推动了市场重新分层：只有具备大规模投资能力并能够维持严格合规流程的企业，才能生存和发展。.[5]

适应策略

为适应新的法律框架并保持竞争力，物流企业和货主需要同时实施以下策略：

First, fleet restructuring. Businesses need to conduct a comprehensive reassessment of their entire fleet to ensure compliance with axle load limits and total weight. Any modifications to the vehicle body must be reconstructed and approved to ensure compliance with the height/width specified in the documentation.

Second, compliance management technology. Investing in technology is a mandatory expense to protect operational continuity. Advanced technologies can bring management efficiency to logistics businesses such as weighing systems and load sensors that provide real-time monitoring and alerts for load violations, allowing drivers to make adjustments before being penalized; or packaging optimization software that ensures maximization of volume/weight while not violating size limits (4.2m/4.35m).[6]

Third, multimodal implementation. This strategy aims to minimize legal risks and the increasing operational costs of road transportation.[7]

Fourth, allocate commercial risks among the relevant parties. The transport unit must provide clear terms regarding the shipper’s responsibility for cargo weight and dimension data. In addition, the transport unit needs to shift from the traditional freight calculation model to a model that includes a Compliance Surcharge or applies higher freight rates to compensate for lower load factors and increased operating costs.

In addition, businesses should cooperate with regulatory agencies and participate in industry associations to propose regulatory adjustments that are suitable to actual conditions. It is necessary to implement pilot programs so that businesses can gradually become familiar with and adjust to new requirements. Pilots help measure economic impacts such as transportation costs, driver wages, and delivery delays, while also identifying issues that need attention before widespread implementation.

结论

The tightening of the Road Traffic Law 2025 and related documents has created a “turning point” in costs for road logistics. In the long term, the sustainable solution is not only compliance but also a strategic shift towards multimodal transport, combined with investment in digitalization technology and strict compliance management. The flexibility of Vietnam’s supply chain in the future will depend on the ability of enterprises to quickly transform and adapt to this new legal framework.

*如果您希望引用本文中的任何信息，请善意地引用来源，并附上原文链接，以尊重版权。.

[1] Conganthanhhoa.gov.vn, New points of the Law on Road Traffic Order and Safety take effect from January 1, 2025 (https://conganthanhhoa.gov.vn/tin-tuc-su-kien/tin-hoat-dong/pho-bien-giao-duc-phap-luat/diem-moi-luat-trat-tu-an-toan-giao-thong-duong-bo-co-hieu-luc-tu-ngay-1-1-2025.html)

[2] Vienhotrophapluat.vn, Traffic Law 2025: Important New Points Every Citizen Needs to Know (https://vienhotrophapluat.vn/luat-giao-thong-2025-nhung-diem-moi-quan-trong-moi-cong-dan-can-biet/)

[3] Vneconomy.vn, New Traffic Law 2025 has strong impact on logistics and supply chain industry (https://vneconomy.vn/luat-giao-thong-moi-2025-tac-dong-manh-toi-nganh-logistics-va-chuoi-cung-ung.htm)

[4] Vantaianlocphat.vn, Summary of the Latest Regulations When Transporting Goods by Truck (https://vantaianlocphat.vn/quy-dinh-cho-hang-bang-xe-tai/)

[5] Kctcvn.com, New Traffic Law 2025 has strong impact on logistics and supply chain industry (https://kctcvn.com/luat-giao-thong-moi-2025-tac-dong-manh-toi-nganh-logistics-va-chuoi-cung-ung/)

[6] Vantaianlocphat.vn, Summary of the Latest Regulations When Transporting Goods by Truck (https://vantaianlocphat.vn/quy-dinh-cho-hang-bang-xe-tai/)

[7] Greenlandvn.com.vn, New Decree on Multimodal Transport (https://greenlandvn.com.vn/nghi-dinh-moi-ve-van-tai-da-phuong-thuc/)