越南的电动公交车：绿色公共交通的未来

越南电动巴士：绿色公共交通的未来

0410 月2024

B&Company

物流与运输

*在本栏目中“越南简报“来自 B&Company 的年轻研究人员将及时提供有关越南工业趋势、消费趋势和社会运动的信息。.

尽管我们力求确保原始信息的准确性，但请您分别核实每条信息。解读和未来展望均为每位研究人员的个人观点。.

越南交通运输行业概述及电动化推进

越南交通运输行业正处于关键时期，正加大力度拥抱电动化，将其作为应对城市拥堵和环境挑战的关键解决方案。电动巴士已成为这一转型的焦点，与全球推动更清洁出行、减少污染和对化石燃料依赖的趋势相契合。.

In Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, the bus-to-population ratio is under 0.2%, contributing to frequent traffic congestion. To meet public transport demand, it is estimated that with a target ratio of 0.8 buses per 1,000 residents, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City would need an additional 5,000 to 6,000 buses[1].

Currently, Vietnam has about 8,800 buses, 89% of which are diesel-powered, 8% are Liquefied Natural Gas/ Compressed Natural Gas buses and 3% is electric buses.

	河内	胡志明市
当前公交车	1,300	3,000
理想公交车数量	6,300 至 7,300	8,000 至 9,000

越南电动巴士简要概述

The adoption of electric buses is relatively new in Vietnam but has gained significant momentum. The country’s electric bus network serves a diverse range of passengers, including commuters, students, and tourists. An internal Vinbus report in 2024 reveals that the proportion of commuters using regular buses is about 25-30%, while for electric buses, the proportion is 89%, three times higher than that of regular buses, indicating a strong demand for green public transport solutions[2]. 。由于电动巴士线路便利，连接郊区与主要城市中心，因此越来越受到上班族欢迎。与私家车相比，电动巴士可为长距离市内通勤提供更轻松的替代方案，而私家车在长时间城市通勤中往往深受交通拥堵困扰。此外，其票价可负担、设施现代且服务可靠，也使其成为城市居民的理想选择。.

VinBus – an electric bus service operated and manufacturer by VinGroup, is the primary provider of electric buses in Vietnam, currently operates 286 electric buses, accounting for 3% of the total bus fleet. These green buses are mainly concentrated in Hanoi (202 buses), Phu Quoc (51 buses), and Ho Chi Minh City (33 buses).[3] 电动巴士票价为每趟7,000–9,000越南盾，而柴油或CNG公交车票价为每趟8,000–20,000越南盾，具体取决于距离。总体而言，在市区范围内，两类公交车票价相近，柴油或CNG公交车因覆盖线路更多而更具优势。.

Vinbus 河内线路

VinBus in Hanoi route

来源：Vingroup

越南当前电动巴士举措

The Vietnamese government has implemented various policies to promote the development of electric vehicles (EVs) and the necessary infrastructure. Notably, Decision 876/QD-TTg, issued by the Prime Minister on July 22, 2022, approved the action plan for green energy transition and reducing carbon and methane emissions in the transportation sector. The plan clearly outlines that by 2025, 100% of new or replacement buses will use electric or green energy. By 2030, the same requirement will apply to taxis. By 2050, 100% of buses and taxis are expected to run on electric or green energy [4].

In Ho Chi Minh City, the roadmap specifies that by 2025, the city will convert 395 buses to clean energy, bringing the total number of green buses to 899, which will account for around 36% of the city’s bus fleet. By 2030, over 1,800 buses will be converted, representing approximately 73%. In particular, the Cần Giờ District, designated as a “green ecological city,” will be prioritized for a 100% electric bus pilot project, with no use of internal combustion engine vehicles.[5]

To encourage transport companies to invest in electric buses, Ho Chi Minh City offers financial support, including loans covering up to 85% of project costs (up to VND 300 billion) at a 3% interest rate for seven years, with the city subsidizing the rate difference. Companies also receive exemptions from registration and import taxes, a five-year special consumption tax reduction, and direct subsidies for new bus purchases.

Hanoi aims to have 50% of its buses powered by electricity and the other 50% by compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG) by 2030, with a financial plan of VND 43 trillion for this phase (2026-2030).[6]

越南电动巴士的发展得到了公私合营（PPP）的支持。政府与私营企业及国际组织合作，以加快电动汽车（EV）的采用。例如，VinBus 赢得了一份价值超过 1.9 万亿越南盾的合同，为河内提供电动巴士服务，这体现了这些合作伙伴关系在越南向绿色交通转型中的规模与重要性。.[7]