越南的电动公交车：绿色公共交通的未来

越南电动公交：绿色公共交通的未来

0410 月2024

B&Company

物流与运输

*在本栏目中“越南简报“来自 B&Company 的年轻研究人员将及时提供有关越南工业趋势、消费趋势和社会运动的信息。.

尽管我们力求确保原始信息的准确性，但请您分别核实每条信息。解读和未来展望均为每位研究人员的个人观点。.

越南交通运输行业概述及电动化推进

越南交通运输行业正处于关键时刻，越来越多的努力将电气化视为应对城市拥堵和环境挑战的核心解决方案。电动公交车已成为这一转型的焦点，与全球向更清洁出行、减少污染和对化石燃料依赖的趋势相一致。.

In Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, the bus-to-population ratio is under 0.2%, contributing to frequent traffic congestion. To meet public transport demand, it is estimated that with a target ratio of 0.8 buses per 1,000 residents, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City would need an additional 5,000 to 6,000 buses[1].

Currently, Vietnam has about 8,800 buses, 89% of which are diesel-powered, 8% are Liquefied Natural Gas/ Compressed Natural Gas buses and 3% is electric buses.

	河内	胡志明市
现有公交	1,300	3,000
理想公交数量	6,300 至 7,300	8,000 至 9,000

越南电动公交简要概述

The adoption of electric buses is relatively new in Vietnam but has gained significant momentum. The country’s electric bus network serves a diverse range of passengers, including commuters, students, and tourists. An internal Vinbus report in 2024 reveals that the proportion of commuters using regular buses is about 25-30%, while for electric buses, the proportion is 89%, three times higher than that of regular buses, indicating a strong demand for green public transport solutions[2]. 。由于线路便捷，连接郊区与主要城市中心，电动公交越来越受到上班族欢迎。相比在长距离市内通勤中常常遭遇严重拥堵的私家车，电动公交提供了一种压力更小的替代方案。此外，其经济性、现代化配置和可靠服务也使其成为城市居民的理想选择。.

VinBus——由VinGroup运营和制造的电动公交服务商，是越南电动公交的主要提供方，目前运营286辆电动公交车，占公交车队总数的3%。这些绿色公交主要集中在河内（202辆）、富国岛（51辆）和胡志明市（33辆）。.[3] 电动公交车票价为每趟7,000至9,000越南盾，而柴油或CNG公交车票价为每趟8,000至20,000越南盾，具体取决于距离。总体而言，在市区范围内，两类公交车的票价相对接近，而柴油或CNG公交车由于投放线路更多，具有一定优势。.

Vinbus 河内线路

VinBus in Hanoi route

来源：Vingroup

越南当前电动公交举措

The Vietnamese government has implemented various policies to promote the development of electric vehicles (EVs) and the necessary infrastructure. Notably, Decision 876/QD-TTg, issued by the Prime Minister on July 22, 2022, approved the action plan for green energy transition and reducing carbon and methane emissions in the transportation sector. The plan clearly outlines that by 2025, 100% of new or replacement buses will use electric or green energy. By 2030, the same requirement will apply to taxis. By 2050, 100% of buses and taxis are expected to run on electric or green energy [4].

In Ho Chi Minh City, the roadmap specifies that by 2025, the city will convert 395 buses to clean energy, bringing the total number of green buses to 899, which will account for around 36% of the city’s bus fleet. By 2030, over 1,800 buses will be converted, representing approximately 73%. In particular, the Cần Giờ District, designated as a “green ecological city,” will be prioritized for a 100% electric bus pilot project, with no use of internal combustion engine vehicles.[5]

To encourage transport companies to invest in electric buses, Ho Chi Minh City offers financial support, including loans covering up to 85% of project costs (up to VND 300 billion) at a 3% interest rate for seven years, with the city subsidizing the rate difference. Companies also receive exemptions from registration and import taxes, a five-year special consumption tax reduction, and direct subsidies for new bus purchases.

Hanoi aims to have 50% of its buses powered by electricity and the other 50% by compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG) by 2030, with a financial plan of VND 43 trillion for this phase (2026-2030).[6]

越南电动公交车的发展得益于公私合营（PPP）。政府与私营企业及国际组织合作，加快电动汽车（EV）的普及。例如，VinBus赢得了一份价值超过19,000亿越南盾的合同，为河内提供电动公交服务，这体现了这些合作在越南向绿色交通转型中的规模和重要性。.[7]