越南交通运输行业简介及电气化推进情况 

Vietnam’s transportation sector is at a critical moment, with increasing efforts to embrace electrification as a key solution to urban congestion and environmental challenges. Electric buses have become a focal point in this transition, aligning with global trends towards cleaner mobility to reduce pollution and dependency on fossil fuels.

河内和胡志明市的公交车与人口比率低于 0.2%，导致交通拥堵频繁。为了满足公共交通需求，据估计，按照每 1,000 名居民 0.8 辆公交车的目标比率，河内和胡志明市将需要额外增加 5,000 至 6,000 辆公交车[1].

目前，越南共有公交车约8800辆，其中89%为柴油公交车，8%为液化天然气/压缩天然气公交车，3%为电动公交车。

越南电动公交车简介

The adoption of electric buses is relatively new in Vietnam but has gained significant momentum. The country’s electric bus network serves a diverse range of passengers, including commuters, students, and tourists. An internal Vinbus report in 2024 reveals that the proportion of commuters using regular buses is about 25-30%, while for electric buses, the proportion is 89%, three times higher than that of regular buses, indicating a strong demand for green public transport solutions[2]. 电动公交车因其便捷的路线连接郊区和主要城市中心而受到工人的欢迎。它们为私家车提供了一种压力较小的替代方案，私家车在长途市内通勤中经常面临交通拥堵。此外，它们价格实惠、功能现代、服务可靠，使它们成为城市居民的一个有吸引力的选择。

VinBus – an electric bus service operated and manufacturer by VinGroup, is the primary provider of electric buses in Vietnam, currently operates 286 electric buses, accounting for 3% of the total bus fleet. These green buses are mainly concentrated in Hanoi (202 buses), Phu Quoc (51 buses), and Ho Chi Minh City (33 buses).[3]  Electric buses cost 7,000 – 9,000 VND/trip while diesel or CNG buses cost 8,000 – 20,000 VND/trip depending on the distance. In general, for inner-city areas, the fares of the two types of buses are relatively equal and diesel or CNG buses have an advantage because they are deployed on more routes.

维布斯 河内航线

来源：Vingroup

越南当前的电动公交车计划

越南政府已实施各种政策，以促进电动汽车（EV）和必要基础设施的发展。值得注意的是，2022 年 7 月 22 日，总理发布的第 876/QD-TTg 号决定批准了绿色能源转型和减少交通运输部门碳和甲烷排放的行动计划。该计划明确规定，到 2025 年，100% 的新公交车或更换公交车将使用电动或绿色能源。到 2030 年，出租车也将采用同样的要求。到 2050 年，预计 100% 的公交车和出租车将使用电动或绿色能源 [4].

In Ho Chi Minh City, the roadmap specifies that by 2025, the city will convert 395 buses to clean energy, bringing the total number of green buses to 899, which will account for around 36% of the city’s bus fleet. By 2030, over 1,800 buses will be converted, representing approximately 73%. In particular, the Cần Giờ District, designated as a “green ecological city,” will be prioritized for a 100% electric bus pilot project, with no use of internal combustion engine vehicles.[5]

为鼓励运输公司投资电动公交车，胡志明市提供了财政支持，包括为项目成本提供高达 85%（最高 3000 亿越南盾）的贷款，贷款利率为 3%，为期七年，市政府将对差额进行补贴。公司还可享受注册税和进口税豁免、五年特别消费税减免以及新公交车购买的直接补贴。

河内市的目标是到 2030 年，使 50% 公交车采用电力驱动，另外 50% 公交车采用压缩天然气 (CNG) 或液化天然气 (LNG) 驱动，这一阶段（2026-2030 年）的财务计划为 43 万亿越南盾。[6]

越南的电动公交车发展得到了公私合作伙伴关系 (PPP) 的支持。政府与私营企业和国际组织合作，加速电动汽车的普及。例如，VinBus 赢得了一份价值超过 1.9 万亿越南盾的合同，为河内提供电动公交车服务，这证明了这些合作伙伴关系在越南向绿色交通转型过程中的规模和重要性。[7]

越南推广电动公交车面临的挑战

虽然电动公交车的优势显而易见，但越南在充分发挥这项技术的潜力方面仍面临着多重挑战。

越南推广电动公交车的主要障碍之一是基础设施和运营的前期成本高昂。例如，胡志明市的电动公交车运营在运营两年后就亏损超过 330 亿越南盾，凸显了运营商在电气化初期面临的财务挑战。[8]

越南目前面临电动汽车充电站短缺的问题，而充电站对于电动公交车的高效运行至关重要。目前，只有 VinBus 运营电动公交车路线，并拥有自己的 108 个专用充电站网络 [9]尽管政府承认需要扩大该国的充电基础设施，但仍需要大量投资和开发才能满足未来的需求。

解决方案和未来展望

通过加强与国际组织和在电动汽车应用方面经验丰富的国家的合作，越南的电动巴士革命可能会加速。例如，VinGroup 的另一家子公司 VinFast 从亚洲开发银行获得了 1.35 亿美元的国际资金，用于扩大其电动巴士系统。[10]

Vietnam’s electric bus market is still in its early stages, with VinBus being the sole player so far. This presents a promising opportunity for experienced investors from more developed markets to tap into this emerging sector.

[1] https://dangcongsan.vn/cung-ban-luan/xanh-hoa-di-chuyen-cong-cong-khong-the-cham-tre-671885.html

[2] https://tuoitre.vn/89-hanh-khach-dung-buyt-dien-la-nguoi-di-lam-20240425131654097.htm

[3] https://dangcongsan.vn/cung-ban-luan/xanh-hoa-di-chuyen-cong-cong-khong-the-cham-tre-671885.html

[4]  https://dangcongsan.vn/cung-ban-luan/xanh-hoa-di-chuyen-cong-cong-khong-the-cham-tre-671885.html

[5] https://tuoitrethudo.vn/tp-ho-chi-minh-phat-trien-xe-buyt-dien-quyet-giam-phat-thai-metan-259724.html

[6] https://vnexpress.net/ha-noi-du-kien-chi-43-000-ty-dong-dau-tu-xe-buyt-xanh-4762141.html

[7] https://baodauthau.vn/vinbus-trung-thau-hon-1900-ty-dong-cung-cap-dich-vu-xe-buyt-o-ha-noi-post149571.html

[8] https://vnbusiness.vn/dia-phuong/tuyen-xe-bus-dien-o-tp-hcm-lo-hon-33-ty-dong-sau-2-nam-van-hanh-1099676.html

[9] https://laodong.vn/xa-hoi/tram-sac-xe-dien-giai-phap-thuc-day-phat-trien-xe-buyt-xanh-1315276.ldo

[10] https://khoahocphattrien.vn/cong-nghe/vinfast-huy-dong-duoc-135-trieu-usd-de-phat-trien-he-thong-xe-buyt-dien/2022102603525956p1c859.htm

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