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0810 月2024
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越南老龄化人口概况及强调老年人医疗保健的重要性
截至2023年，越南预计拥有1.003亿人口[2], ，是东南亚人口第三多的国家（仅次于印度尼西亚和菲律宾），在全球排名第15位[3]. 。根据联合国人口基金的数据，越南是全球人口老龄化速度最快的国家之一，预计到2036年将从“老龄化社会”转变为“老龄社会”[4]. Data from the 2023 population report from the General Statistics Office (GSO) shows that the proportion of those aged 60 and over has risen rapidly, from 11.9% in 2019 to 13.9% in 2023[5]. 。这一人口结构变化不仅源于死亡率下降和预期寿命延长，也源于生育率大幅下降，从而推动了人口快速老龄化。.
越南老年人口数量（2019—2023年）
| 年 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
| 老年人口数量 | 1,140万人 | 1,160万人 | 1,260万人 | 1,180万人 | 1,390万人 |
资料来源：GSO
上表显示，老年人口数量在新冠疫情后期（2023年相比2022年）迅速回升，这反映出越南人口老龄化进程加快。.
资料来源：GSO
这凸显了建立能够满足老年人独特需求的医疗保健体系的迫切性，包括慢性病管理、长期护理和心理健康支持。确保老年人获得适当的照护，不仅对于提升其生活质量至关重要，也有助于维护国家医疗保健体系的可持续性。.
老年人医疗保健现状
越南老年人医疗保健市场正面临诸多挑战，其中有三项尤为突出：缺乏专职照护人员、财务约束以及农村地区基础设施不足。.
首先, regarding caretakers, an ideal traditional family model is a multi-generational family, where multiple members often live together across three or more generations: grandparents, parents, and children. This family model was quite common in the past, allowing elderly individuals to live with their families who took care of them in their final years. However, currently, the multi-generational family model seems to be decreasing due to the impact of economic development, industrial lifestyles, and the influence of international integration trends. As a result, the nuclear family model may become more prevalent in the future, where grown children want their own living space and move out from their elderly parents. Even those grown children who live with their elderly parents may not be present often as work and responsibilities increase, resulting in some families relying on untrained helpers, leading to a lack of dedicated caretakers. According to the Head of the Department of Cultural and Social Research at the Ho Chi Minh City Development Research Institute, in Ho Chi Minh City, 99.5% of elderly individuals receive care at home, while a small number are cared for in institutional settings, mostly those who are elderly, alone, without support, or eligible for Government assistance[6].
第二, ，在财务约束方面，许多老年人还依赖有限的养老金和保险，而这些通常无法在有医疗需求时为其提供充足资金，以获得体面的医疗服务。.
第三，, ，在整体基础设施方面，尤其是在农村地区，相关设施并不总是便于老年人使用，导致他们难以在社区内出行，尤其是使用轮椅的老年人。老年人医疗保健体系面临诸多挑战，偏远地区且没有稳定收入的老年人尤为如此，因为他们难以定期进行健康检查。因此，大多数老年患者在疾病晚期才被诊断出来，导致治疗难度大、费用高[7]. 。这些问题凸显了改善老龄人口支持和资源配置的必要性。.
