Chuyển đổi số (DX) đang diễn ra mạnh mẽ trong nhiều ngành công nghiệp, và thị trường lao động đang chứng kiến những thay đổi đáng kể. Không chỉ công việc chân tay giảm đi trong các văn phòng công ty, mà cách mọi người lựa chọn kỹ năng chuyên môn và chuyên ngành học cũng đã thay đổi. Các công ty nhà nước và tư nhân đang buộc phải xem xét lại chiến lược nhân sự của mình để thích ứng với sự chuyển đổi lớn này.

Current State of the Labor Market

The labor force decreased from 55.8 million to 50.6 million between 2019 and 2021 due to the impact of the pandemic. It has since recovered, reaching approximately 53 million in 2024, showing a slight increase compared to the previous year. In recent years, overall productivity growth has been driven primarily not by productivity gains across all three sectors (agriculture, industry, and services), but by labor reallocation- the shift of workers from low-productivity agriculture to high-productivity industry and services.[1]

Labor Market Size

Unit: 10 million people

Source: National Statistics Office (formerly General Statistics Office)

Theo Tổ chức Lao động Quốc tế (ILO), thị trường lao động chủ yếu được chia thành ba lĩnh vực: nông nghiệp, lâm nghiệp và thủy sản; công nghiệp và xây dựng; và dịch vụ. Sau đại dịch (2022–2024), trong khi số lượng việc làm trong lĩnh vực nông nghiệp giảm nhẹ, thì số lượng lao động trong ngành công nghiệp và xây dựng cũng như trong lĩnh vực dịch vụ lại tăng lên. Các lĩnh vực này đã đạt đỉnh điểm mới vào cuối năm 2024, với 17,5 triệu người làm việc trong ngành công nghiệp và xây dựng và 21 triệu người trong lĩnh vực dịch vụ.

Employment

Đơn vị: triệu người

Nguồn: Văn phòng Thống kê Quốc gia

By age group, workers aged 25 to 49 form the numerical core of the workforce. This age group demonstrates high adaptability to DX and new technologies. They can quickly adapt to sectors where demand is constantly evolving, and IT adoption is advancing, such as the service industry, manufacturing automation, and e-commerce. Meanwhile, the overall age of the workforce is steadily increasing. An upward trend in employment numbers was observed for those aged 50 and above. This age group is concentrated in occupations that do not require advanced digital skills, such as agriculture, handicrafts, apparel manufacturing, and traditional retail, where their experience and stability are valued.

Number of Workers by Age Group

Đơn vị: triệu người

Nguồn: Văn phòng Thống kê Quốc gia

DX and Future Workforce Alignment Policy

The government has implemented educational reforms to address future workforce needs through national programs focused on DX and vocational education.

For example, the “National Digital Transformation Program until 2025 (Vision to 2030)” was announced, emphasizing the importance of developing digital skills across all industries and calling for efforts from both organizations and individuals. It also addresses the e-government strategy and the development of the digital economy and digital society. Measures to achieve these goals are outlined. For instance, it calls for evaluating the implementation status of DX initiatives from ministries to local enterprises, and for providing better conditions for IT companies to promote the use of cutting-edge technologies at[2] .

Furthermore, as part of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) reform, the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Vietnam Directorate of Vocational Education and Training (DVET) are working together to raise the standards of vocational training schools. This program focuses on adapting TVET to a world of increasing digitalization. Its main activities include training courses for vocational colleges, technical training facilities, policy advice, capacity building, technical support for TVET 4.0, and the development of an open educational resource platform.[3]

Future Trends in the Labor Market in DX

The growing demand for digital skills and higher education qualifications is expected to drive a restructuring of human resource development methods. As DX and automation accelerate across industries, the need for technical personnel who can adapt to the digital environment is increasing. At the same time, particularly in the manufacturing, construction, and service industries, there is a growing risk that many low-skilled and repetitive jobs will be replaced by machines and software due to business management systems that incorporate automation and artificial intelligence.[4]

Examples of DX-Driven Companies

Nguồn: Phân tích của B&Company

The World Economic Forum report, based on a survey of over 300 companies, reports a significant increase in high-tech roles such as AI and machine learning specialists. This is followed by roles such as e-commerce specialists and business development experts.

 Growth Rate of Required Positions (2025)

 Đơn vị: %

 Source: World Economic Forum (2025)

According to the Advanced Human Resource Development Report by JICA and B&Company (2022), qualification requirements for workers are expected to become stricter in the future. The proportion of jobs requiring university degrees or higher is increasing, and the overall demand for higher education is also rising. In particular, postgraduate qualifications are becoming more common and may become the new standard for many professional roles. This suggests a gradual replacement of the traditional advantage held by bachelor’s degree holders in the labor market.

Demanded Educational Background

Đơn vị: %

Source: B&Company, JICA (2022)[5]

As a result, reforms are underway to align education and human resource development systems with future skill needs. Key skills are shifting from analytical thinking and leadership (2025) to skills like big data expertise and cybersecurity (2030), reflecting efforts to adapt to the continuous advancement of IT technologies in the era of digital transformation.

Core Skills Required for Talent (2025 & 2030)

 Đơn vị: %

 Source: B&Company, JICA (2022)[5]

Thách thức

Access to technology and regulations remain significant barriers.

Restricted access to IT is particularly pronounced in rural areas and among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Rural areas have only 64% internet access, lower than urban areas (82%), limiting the full utilization of digital tools and platforms. Similarly, the DX of domestic SMEs is slow; according to a 2021 World Bank report, only about 23% of Vietnamese firms have introduced innovative products or process changes[6]. Outdated legal frameworks also pose significant barriers. Laws related to data privacy, cybersecurity, and digital labor rights have not kept pace with rapid DX. The lack of regulations governing areas like online work and digital contract enforcement creates uncertainty for businesses and workers, dampening their willingness to embrace digital innovation.

DX will reshape the labor market in the coming years. As companies adopt more advanced technologies, changes will occur in worker skill demands, positions, and working models. To maintain its international competitiveness, Vietnam must focus on developing a more flexible, digitally skilled workforce through consistent education, skills upgrading, and forward-looking human resource development strategies.[7]

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[1]  B&Company (2025) <Truy cập>

[2]  VietnamPlus (2024) <Truy cập>

[3]  TVET Vietnam (2020 – 2024) <Truy cập>

[4]  CSIRO (2019) <Truy cập>

[5]  B&Company, JICA (2022) <Truy cập>

[6]  World Bank Report (2021) <Truy cập>

[7]  TS2 Tech (2025) <Truy cập>