The size of Vietnam’s e-commerce sector in 2018 was estimated at $8.06 billion, up 30% from the previous year, according to a white paper published by the Department of E-Commerce and Digital Economy of the Ministry of Industry and Trade. The growth rate has been rising dramatically in the past three years, compared to 23% and 24% respectively in 2016 and 2017 (Nhandan, 2019). White Book stated that nearly 39.9 million Vietnamese consumers purchased consumer products online in 2018, contributing $1.2 million of sales of products.

The complex COVID-19 epidemic has caused a huge impact on people ‘s psychology, and has changed many Vietnamese consumers ‘ purchasing habits. Not only reduce traveling, Vietnamese citizens also avoid eating outside and going to malls or markets. Indeed, according to “An overview of COVID-19 outbreak affecting on Vietnamese social-economy” article of B&Company, 79% said COVID-19 had been affecting negatively to their daily routines. The number of visitors to shopping centers and supermarkets has fallen from 40-50% compared to before.  This results in a 40% decrease of sales at department stores. Even though the Vietnam Government has successfully managed to contain the outbreak domestically by May 2020, there are certain threats from the increasing number of imported cases from overseas passengers arriving in Vietnam. Both the government and businesses are encouraging people to increase online shopping in this sense, restricting the street to reduce the risk of infection. Ho Chi Minh City’s People’s Committee has also constantly broadcast the message “tell people to prioritize online shopping” in recent days. Companies are aggressively growing online shopping promotions to stimulate demand. On this occasion, a series of booming online grocery shopping services entered the market to compete with supermarket chains: 2 biggest ride-hailing platform Grabmart (Grab) and Be đi chợ (Be). Several services such as Chopp.vn, NowFresh (developed from food delivery platform Now.vn) and LoMart (developed by Lozi which is considered as direct competitor of Now.vn) were launced in 2018.

LOTTE Mart supermarket chain reported that the number of orders via the website and Speed L application increased from 150-200% compared to regular days, doubling and tripling the supply of products allocated for the online section. In the same notion, statistics from Saigon Co.op, one of the market leaders in the supermarket business, showed shopping orders via the supermarket’s phone and website rose 10 times compared to weekdays, which caused frequent “network congestion” due to the sudden overloading of online transaction. During the period of only over 19 days from the beginning of March 2020 to 12 March 2020, Big C, another major supermarket chain, received more than 1,000 orders, which are projected to hit about 3,000 orders in March 2020; the growth rate is over 200% compared to that of February 2020 (CafeF, 2020).

根据B&Company于2020年5月对200名消费者进行的网上购物调查，Vinmart、Co.op Mart和Lotte Mart是超市最受欢迎的网上杂货渠道（分别为83,8%、72,5%和66,%）；而Grab Mart是网上购物服务中最知名的（60,8%）。 

BEAN 调查结果显示，网上购物消费者主要购买食品饮料和个人护理产品，其中乳制品占比最高，达 69.6%。46% 的受访者每次网上购买杂货的花费低于 300.000 越南盾，约占杂货总支出的 37.8%。B&Company 估计，2019 年越南网上购物市场规模（通过超市网站/应用程序/杂货配送服务）约为 $3.5 亿。

When selecting a website/application for online grocery shopping, consumers are mostly concerned about price and quality of products (73,5% and 70,6% respectively). Characteristics of online grocery shopping service is that when using the application, a series of food trading and shipping addresses, home delivery will display for customers to freely choose the location that best suits them. Each type of food is clearly listed. Food prices on these sites are not much different from the market price, but the quality is guaranteed. Buying and delivery times are also more flexible. Customers can choose the delivery time frame from 7:30 to 19:00. In less than 2 hours, the staff will deliver the pre-prepared items for guests to cook (Baodautu, 2019). Hence, most businesses select fast delivery to compete. Saigon Co.op has planned to coordinate the delivery channel personnel, ensuring home delivery time of 1-2 hours for orders placed by telephone and 24 – 48 hours for purchase orders on the electronic shopping page. On the other hand, GrabMart took advantage of the ecosystem inherent from the main fanpage of the Grab app, the system of partners, the brand influencers to put the GrabMart hashtag on posts, to attract attention and stimulate desire to exchange and discuss, and then try the user’s service. Meanwhile, Now is connecting with a large number of convenient retailers/grocery stores/supermarket chains from affordable to high-end. The biggest advantage is the fast delivery time with acceptable freight: 15,000VND/1.5km. Launched in 2015, Chopp.vn stands out with the advantage of fast delivery, however, in COVID-19 season, the demand from users was high and therefore users responded to the delivery time longer than expected, and Chopp’s delivery fee was quite high compared to the common ground (Brands Vietnam, 2020).

根据B&Company旗下BEAN Survey平台的线上调查结果显示，消费者对于此次智慧购物均表示满意，但对配送费的满意度最低（满分为3.7分）；50%的受访者最关心生鲜商品的质量问题，60%强烈建议线上购买渠道能有更多促销和折扣优惠。

BEAN 调查平台 200 多名受访者中，83.51% 的人表示未来将继续在网上购买食品杂货，超过 401% 的人更喜欢在网上购买食品杂货，而非线下购买。由此可以预测，网上食品杂货的市场份额将稳步增长，而传统线下市场和其他购物场所仍将保持稳定。

杨阮

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