越南湄公河三角洲的产业结构

252 月2024

B&Company

湄公河三角洲地区位于越南最南端，是湄公河附近广阔的低洼湿地。该地区由中央直辖市芹苴和 12 个省组成，形成了一个重要的社会经济实体。如果您实际访问该地区，就会发现有无数的水道贯穿低地，小型机动船是重要的交通工具。主要产业是农业和渔业，它们也为日本获取虾和海鲜等外汇做出了巨大贡献。

In this analysis, we have chosen the Mekong Delta region as an example to examine its industrial structure based on the proportion of GDP. The primary industry (agriculture, forestry and fisheries) accounts for the majority, and the secondary industry (mining and manufacturing) and tertiary industry (service industry) are not as well developed, one would expect this to be reflected in the numbers. However, as shown in the figure, it is observed that the proportion of the primary sector is approximately 30%, falling below that of the tertiary sector. On the other hand, this figure is significantly higher compared to the national average (12%) and the industrially developed cities of Hanoi (2%) and Ho Chi Minh City (less than 1%). It should be understood that “20-30% or more” falls into a considerably high category

When considering why such a situation arises, it can be observed that a wide range of industries related to agriculture and fisheries, such as the sale of goods used in agriculture and fisheries, the manufacturing and sale of household goods for agricultural households, and the distribution of primary products and food factories, are classified as ‘agriculture and fisheries-related industries,’ falling under the categories of the secondary and tertiary sectors. However, it is classified as a secondary/tertiary industry. Although the base of agriculture and fisheries has been maintained, the content is not the same as before, and it can be said that “industrial sophistication” within the agriculture and fisheries industry is progressing. This can be considered even from a rough perspective, such as dividing the industry into three categories. On the other hand, the figure of ‘approximately 30%’ for the secondary sector does not necessarily imply that the region is at a stage where it can attract advanced industries such as machinery or electronics manufacturing. Although the classification into three sectors remains straightforward and convenient, it is gradually becoming outdated in expressing the characteristics of a developed economy.

Additionally, the industrial structure can also be examined based on the number of people employed. Out of approximately 9.49 million employed individuals in the Mekong Delta region (as of 2022), the primary sector accounts for approximately 40.3%, still falling short of a majority. It can be seen that “farmers” are no longer majority in the workforce.

回到图中，各省市的特点也很明显。作为行政和经济中心的芹苴市，第三产业活动占比最高，超过 50%，第二产业也超过 30%。隆安省毗邻胡志明市，是 13 个省市中工业园区最集中的省份，第二产业超过 50%。总体而言，其余 10 个省份主要依赖第一产业。但是，考虑到上述观点，即使在隆安省，许多第二产业也可能与农业和渔业有关，或涉及低技术产业。这与实际观察一致。未来，通过吸引各个领域的制造设施和物流枢纽，进一步发展第二产业的潜力巨大，不一定局限于高科技产业。

The Mekong Delta region is often described as Vietnam’s ‘rice bowl’ or food basket,’ highlighting its significant role as a major food production area domestically and internationally. Its position as a major food producer both domestically and internationally will not change in the future. However, if we focus on the fact that internally the society and industrial structure are constantly changing “toward advancement,” we may begin to see a different perspective on this region.

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