Outlined under Resolution No. 26-NQ/TW[4] in 2022, Decision No. 376/QD-TTg[5], and Decision No. 1281/QD-TTg[6] in 2024, the current development orientation for Vietnam’s North Central and Central Coastal region focuses on restructuring key economic sectors, emphasizing the marine economy, and enhancing regional connectivity across three defined subregions. While recent administrative mergers have led to structural adjustments, particularly as some coastal provinces are integrated with the Highlands, the North Central and Central Coastal provinces largely retain their existing development objectives and act as the main driver of the Central’s economy:

(1) Developing internationally competitive industries with strong integration into global value chains, prioritizing foundational sectors, green technologies, processing, and emerging industries;

(2) Modernizing logistics systems through advanced technologies, and establishing national and international hubs connected to the regional seaport network and major global transport corridors;

(3) Positioning tourism as a spearhead economic sector by capitalizing on the region’s marine and island resources, natural landscapes, cave ecosystems, biodiversity reserves, world heritage sites, and cultural-historical assets;

(4) Restructuring the agriculture, forestry, and aquaculture sectors toward ecological models linked with processing industries, ensuring sustainability and high efficiency;

(5) Promoting rapid and sustainable development of the marine economy, particularly in services, marine industries, tourism, and maritime economic activities;

(6) Strengthening regional linkages by forming industry clusters and large coastal economic zones connected to urban centers, tourism hubs, and eco-tourism destinations for international visitors.

In 2024, the services sector of North Central and Central Coastal Vietnam contributed nearly 500 trillion VND, accounting for 43% of the regional GDP, fueled by logistics, commercial activities, financial services, and particularly the tourism sector, which increased sharply before the Covid-19 pandemic[7] and has quickly rebounded in recent years[8]. The region’s industry & construction has also quickly transformed from traditional mining and processing industries to high-tech and high-value manufacturing and processing industries.

GDP Composition of the North Central and Central Coastal in 2024

单位：%

资料来源：印度统计总局（GSO）、各省统计局、B&Company 综合数据

The GRDP compositions of Northern Central provinces are highly diversified, with a strong emphasis on the services and industry & construction sectors, aligning with the region’s development orientation. Thanh Hoa led the region with a GRDP of 319 trillion VND in 2024, half of which was contributed by the industry & construction sector. On the other hand, Da Nang City, with a GRDP of 280 trillion VND, is service-driven, with the sector’s composition in the GRDP at over 70% before the merger and at 54% after combining with Quang Nam’s economy. Apart from Da Nang City, the agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector makes up a significant share of GRDP across the region, especially in Nghe An (22%) and Quang Tri (18%), due to strong crop farming, livestock, and fisheries. However, these provinces have been increasing their services and industry & construction sectors by promoting tourism and attracting foreign investors in high-tech manufacturing sectors.

GRDP composition by provinces in the North Central and Central Coastal post mergers in 2024

单位：%

资料来源：印度统计总局（GSO）、各省统计局、B&Company 综合数据

The FDI landscape in the North Central and Central Coastal region is marked by notable disparities. Nghe An has emerged as a rising star in recent years, attracting 1.75 billion USD in registered capital, welcoming global manufacturers such as Foxconn, Goertek, Everwin, JuTeng, and Luxshare ICT[9]. Despite a relatively low FDI influx in 2024, Ha Tinh remains among the region’s top three FDI destinations, largely due to the Vung Ang economic zone, a center for steel manufacturing, supporting industries, post-steel processing, thermal power, and deep-water seaport, which is also one of Vietnam’s three key international maritime trade hubs[10]. Thanh Hoa continues to lead the region in FDI attraction thanks to the Nghi Son economic zone, and new projects, such as Sumitomo Corporation’s 3 trillion VND Thang Long Thanh Hoa Industrial Park[11], are poised to revitalize the province’s FDI sources in the future. Following its merger with Quang Nam, Da Nang City now ranks 10^th nationally in total registered FDI. The province positions itself as the future center of high-tech manufacturing and processing industries, such as semiconductors, electronics, automotives, etc. With Da Nang Hi-Tech Park, one of Vietnam’s three national high-tech parks and the only one located in the central region, the province serves as a strategic hub for technology-driven industries after attracting over 1 billion USD in investment[12].

New registered FDI capital in 2024 (Left) and Total accumulated registered FDI capital in 2024 (Right) by provinces of the North Central and Central Coastal

单位：百万美元

来源： 移动基础设施、B&Company 合成

Potential Changes in Economic Development Orientation of North Central and Central Coastal Provinces Following Administrative Unit Mergers

While the provincial boundaries of the North Central and Central Coastal provinces remain largely unchanged, connectivity has been a rising matter for regional development. Unchanged provinces, like Thanh Hoa and Nghe An, are likely to engage in more inter-provincial economic planning, regional infrastructure coordination, and collaborative investment promotion due to their similar economic foundation and development orientation. After the merger, Quang Tri will expand the planning and economic development space while forming a growth pole of sufficient scale, high competitiveness, and strong connectivity within the Northern Central region. Da Nang City, being the bridge between the Northern Central, the South Central, and the Highlands, will be better positioned to compete with economic centers such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.

Economic landscape and the development orientation of North Central and Central Coastal provinces after merging

Source: Economic planning of North Central and Central Coastal, B&Company synthesis

结论

The 2025 administrative unit mergers in Vietnam’s North Central and Central Coastal region mark a significant shift in the country’s approach to regional governance and development. Provinces such as Quang Binh-Quang Tri and Da Nang-Quang Nam stand to gain new scale, synergies, and investment appeal. Meanwhile, neighboring provinces must adapt to stay competitive. With coordinated planning and sustainable growth strategies, the Northern Central region is well-positioned to become a dynamic driver of Vietnam’s economy in the years ahead.

[1] For the analysis purposes under this article, we will analyze the the North-Central and Central-Central subregions of Vietnam’s North Central and Central Coastal region, including Thanh Hoa, Nghe An Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Hue City, Da Nang City, and Quang Nam. Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, and South-Central provinces will be covered in a separate article due to their administrative mergers with the Highlands.

[2] TVPL. 关于执行中央委员会和政治局关于改组组织机构和行政单位的决议和结论的第157-KL/TW号结论来源>

[3] TVPL. 第759/QD-TTg号决定，批准关于重组各级行政单位和建立两级地方政府结构的提案来源>

[4] TVPL. Resolution No. 26-NQ/TW on the Socio-Economic Development and National Defense and Security Assurance of the North Central and Central Coastal Region to 2030, with a Vision to 2045 <来源>

[5] TVPL. Decision No. 376/QĐ-TTg on the Approval of the Master Plan for the North Central and Central Coastal Region for the 2021–2030 Period, with a Vision to 2050 <来源>

[6] TVPL. Decision No. 1281/QĐ-TTg on the Issuance of the Implementation Plan for the Master Plan of the North Central and Central Coastal Region for the 2021–2030 Period, with a Vision to 2050 <来源>

[7] VIOIT. Some Tasks and Solutions for Economic Development of the North Central and Central Coastal Region until 2030, with a Vision to 2045 <来源>

[8] Government News. International Tourist Arrivals Increase, Signaling a Strong Recovery for Central Vietnam’s Tourism Sector <来源>

[9] VnEconomy. Nghe An Province continues to promote FDI attraction efforts for 2025 <来源>

[10] Ha Tinh Government. Vung Ang Economic Zone – the growth engine and key development hub of Ha Tinh Province <来源>

[11] VnEconomy. Thanh Hoa Selects Global Corporation for VND 2,918 Billion Industrial Park Project <来源>

[12] VnEconomy. Da Nang Hi-Tech Park has attracted over 1 billion USD in FDI <来源>

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