越南太阳能投资前景积极

越南太阳能投资前景积极

155 月2019

B&Company

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到2030年越南可再生能源装机容量的雄心目标 
Vietnam electricity demand is forecasted to surge to 572-632 billion kWh by 2030, an increase with CAGR 2021-2030 of around 8% – 8.5%. Even though Vietnam’s power production has been dominated by coal; hydropower and gas for many years, developing renewable energy is an undeniably important strategy for the country in the long-term.

Decision No. 428/QĐ-TTG on Revised Power Development Plan by the Prime Minister on March 2016 has stated the objective that Renewable Energy (RE), which includes small-scale hydropower, wind power, solar power, and biomass-based power, will make up 10.7% of total electricity production in 2030.

This Plan also sets a specific target for solar energy generation capacity to reach 12,000 MW in 2030, which equivalent to 3.3% of total energy production in this year, and with CAGR of capacity at  30% in the period 2020 – 2030.

就太阳能潜力而言,越南拥有广阔的太阳能资源,平均全球水平辐照度(GHI)为1,200-2,000 kWh/m2/年,在东南亚地区相对较高。越南中部和南部地区的平均GHI为1753 kWh/m2/年,为太阳能开发项目提供了更具可行性的投资机会。.

太阳能领域新兴外资投资
In Vietnam, State-owned companies dominate the national power production; Vietnam Electricity (EVN), PetroVietnam and Vinacomin contribute 76,1 % of total installed capacity, meanwhile, BOT and other investors make up the entire 23,9%, according to Vietnam Electricity Annual Report 2017. However, Vietnam electricity market is experiencing a fundamental change towards higher private sector participation in renewable energy production. Along with that trend, solar energy development has emerged as an attractive market for foreign investors.

越南工贸部(MOIT)宣布,截至2019年9月底,已有121个太阳能电站项目获批纳入省级和国家电力规划,预计到2030年的总装机容量为7200 MW,其中25个项目已成功与EVN签署PPA。此外,还有221个项目、总登记容量达13,000 MW,正在等待批准。.

目前最大的外资投资项目是Sunseap International(新加坡)与InfraCo Asia在宁顺省的合资企业,装机容量为168 MWp,预计可为多达20万户家庭供电。其他大型项目还包括由BS Heidelberg Solar在清化省开发的Thanh Hoa 1项目(160 MWp)以及位于平定省的Fujiwara项目(50 MW)。.

Investors can expect the equity IRRs (before tax) of solar energy projects in Vietnam ranging from 5% to almost 18% in conservative scenarios and from 8% to 21% in optimistic scenarios, according to an analysis by GIZ in 2016.

支持性的政府政策是潜在投资者的一个重要亮点。近期,第11/2017/QĐ-TTG号决定于2017年6月1日至2019年6月30日生效,为太阳能发电开发项目投资推出了优惠机制。.

根据该决定,20年期固定上网电价(FIT)和净计量信用额度确定为9.35美分/千瓦时,并根据越南盾/美元汇率进行调整,适用于商业运营日期(COD)截至2019年6月30日的项目。与风电上网电价相比,该电价被认为对投资者相当有利 (即陆上项目为8.5美分/千瓦时;海上项目为9.8美分/千瓦时)以及商业零售电价(即8.1美分/千瓦时)。该优惠机制还包括税收激励,例如企业所得税(CIT)免税和减税、作为固定资产进口的货物免征进口关税,以及土地优惠。.

然而,越南太阳能市场仍处于发展初期。法律和运营风险仍是投资者应预见的典型挑战,例如:

  • PPA条款对投资者而言是固定且不可协商的
  • 许可和场地清理流程冗长且复杂,可能导致项目延期并错过计划的商业运营日期
  • 输电线路过载:输电线路只能消纳部分发电量,因此EVN无法为全部已发电量付款,或选择限发可再生能源电力以保护输电线路

总体而言,较高的太阳辐照度以及政府对太阳能投资的支持机制,为市场发展奠定了良好基础。就当前情况而言,外国投资者可考虑与国内合作伙伴协作,利用其优势以便利运营许可及相关事宜;同时,自身则可专注于提供先进技术和充足资金。COD之后,外国开发商可逐步考虑在当地合作伙伴退出股权的同时提高自身持股比例。.

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