胡志明市是越南最大的城市中心之一，正大力推进其废弃物管理体系的改善。随着一座投资额达35,000亿越盾、旨在发电的垃圾焚烧厂宣布启动，胡志明市正在应对家庭垃圾持续增长带来的紧迫挑战。本文将探讨胡志明市家庭垃圾的现状、垃圾处理方式、向垃圾发电解决方案转型的新趋势，以及未来面临的机遇与挑战。.

胡志明市家庭垃圾的现状

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam’s largest and most densely populated urban center, is home to over 9 million people. With rapid urbanization and economic growth, the city generates an average of 13,000 tons of domestic solid waste per day as of 2024. Of this, approximately 10,000 tons are recycled or treated daily. Since 2020, the volume of household waste has increased by around 5.6% annually, though the growth rate has slowed in recent years. [1]

The composition of household waste in HCMC is primarily organic matter (50–60%), while recyclable materials such as plastic, paper, and rubber make up only 27% at waste treatment facilities. Currently, the city relies on two main waste treatment methods: landfilling (69%) and recycling/composting (21%), while 10% of waste is incinerated [2]. 。对填埋场的持续依赖引发了对环境污染、土地资源紧缺以及资源回收效率低下的担忧。此外，尽管相关部门努力提升源头垃圾分类水平，仍有相当一部分垃圾未被分类，导致后续处理难度较大。垃圾量持续增长以及收集和运输系统承压，凸显出对更可持续、更先进的垃圾管理解决方案的迫切需求。.

Domestic waste treatment at Ho Chi Minh City Urban Environment Company Limited

来源：tapchimoitruong.vn [3]

垃圾处理向发电方向转型

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is actively shifting toward waste-to-energy (WTE) technology as part of its broader waste management strategy. Since 2020, the City Party Committee and People’s Council have set a policy target: by 2025, at least 80% of domestic waste should be treated using modern technologies like waste incineration for electricity generation and recycling, with the goal of reaching 100% by 2030. This transition aligns with Resolution No. 98/2023/QH15 issued by the National Assembly on June 24, 2023, which guides the city’s waste treatment reforms. To implement this, the People’s Committee of HCMC has focused on two key solutions, (1) converting existing solid waste treatment technologies, (2) attracting investment in waste treatment projects under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model [4].

为实现垃圾处理现代化的目标，胡志明市已开始建设两座垃圾发电厂，总处理能力为每天4,000–4,600吨。这些设施预计将于2026年完工，有助于处理该市相当一部分生活垃圾，并减少对填埋的依赖。.

以下为正在胡志明市古芝县建设的两座垃圾发电厂概况：