Among them, Typhoon “Yagi,” which made landfall in September 2024, was considered a once-in-70-year event and caused extensive and severe damage over a wide area. Additionally, the severe droughts in the Mekong Delta during 2015-2016 and 2020 resulted in saltwater intrusion occurring at levels exceeding the usual timing and extent, making it urgent to strengthen response capabilities going forward.

防灾对策措施

灾害预防及恢复措施体系建设

The Vietnamese government is advancing the strengthening of a comprehensive disaster management system from the national to the local level, aiming to reduce disaster risks and improve emergency response capabilities. In 2023, based on the Civil Defense Law, the “Vietnam National Civil Defense Steering Committee (VNCIVDEF)” was established, integrating the functions of the existing National Steering Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and Control (NSCNDPC) and the National Committee for Accident, Disaster Response, and Search and Rescue (VINASARCOM).

The committee is chaired by the Prime Minister and consists of ministers from various ministries, the Chief of Staff, representatives from the Vietnam Fatherland Front, the Women’s Union, the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, the Vietnam Red Cross, and other major social organizations, promoting effective disaster countermeasures through collaboration across a wide range of fields.

在地方层面，道、区、乡（基层政府）等单位也设立民间防卫指挥中心，负责规划和实施灾害预防、管理和搜救活动，并根据当地实际情况采取应对措施。

加强预警系统（EWS）

Vietnam’s Early Warning System (EWS) has been significantly strengthened in recent years based on the national strategy for disaster risk management. Under the management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment, a monitoring system for various hazard factors such as meteorological, river, hydrological, seismic, and coastal data, has been established, focusing on forecasting and issuing warnings before disasters occur.

In particular, efforts are being made to advance the transition to “Impact-Based Forecasting and Warning (IbFW),” which emphasizes the impact on society and infrastructure. The Vietnam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration (VNMHA) is taking the lead in improving forecast accuracy and strengthening information-sharing systems through collaboration with regional mechanisms such as the Southeast Asia Flood Alert System (SeAFFGS) and international partners.

These initiatives align with the United Nations’ concept of “Early Warning Systems for All People,” and Vietnam aims to complete the establishment of a nationwide early warning network by 2027.

越南的挑战和日本企业的商机

As mentioned above, although Vietnam is making progress in developing a national disaster prevention system and early warning system, there are still issues that remain. In 2024, the powerful typhoon “Yagi” damaged more than 100,000 houses in Quang Ninh Province[2] 并导致富寿省一座桥梁倒塌，凸显了北部地区基础设施的脆弱性[3].

此外，由于缺乏完善的洪水监测系统和排水设施，已确认受灾范围扩大。基于这些情况，政府和人道主义援助组织也认识到需要进行技术投资，包括最新的防灾设备和老化设施的更新。

多年来，日本一直作为重要合作伙伴参与越南灾害韧性提升领域。例如，日本国际协力机构（JICA）支持越南中部地区建设抗灾社区，致力于提高当地居民的应对能力，加强预警系统，并开发灾害信息管理平台。

In addition, the Japan Disaster Prevention Platform is promoting the introduction of disaster prevention technologies through the “Japan-Vietnam Disaster Prevention Collaborative Dialogue,” and the Ministry of the Environment is conducting a demonstration test of an early warning system in Hanoi.

Going forward, continued cooperation leveraging Japan’s disaster prevention technology and expertise will be required, and it is also expected that business opportunities in the disaster prevention sector in Vietnam will expand for Japanese companies.

基于上述情况，越南被视为防灾安全技术的一个重要潜在市场。预计台风、洪水和山体滑坡等自然灾害的风险将进一步增加，再加上近期强台风造成的严重破坏，对有效防灾减灾措施的需求将日益强烈。

[图3] 预计未来防灾相关设备及技术需求将增加的例子

来源：B&Company

As the Vietnamese government promotes “building a disaster-resilient country,” the introduction of these disaster prevention-related technologies and products is required to be carried out with consideration for sustainability. International technical cooperation in the disaster prevention field is expected to contribute not only to enhancing disaster response capabilities within Vietnam but also to strengthening disaster prevention capacities throughout Southeast Asia.

[1] 出典：越南之声（ベトナム国家ラジオ放送局）のニューsu「2024年发生极端、毁灭性的自然灾害，造成巨大损失」（2024年12月）

[2] 出典：FPT Online（オンラインューメディア）のニューsu「广宁省为每个因风暴倒塌房屋的家庭提供 1 亿越南盾的援助」（2024年7月）

[3] 出典：Center for Disaster Philanthropy（米国的灾害対応・复兴プラttofuォーム）のニューsu「2024年超强台风八木」（2024年5月）

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