Among them, Typhoon “Yagi,” which made landfall in September 2024, was considered a once-in-70-year event and caused extensive and severe damage over a wide area. Additionally, the severe droughts in the Mekong Delta during 2015-2016 and 2020 resulted in saltwater intrusion occurring at levels exceeding the usual timing and extent, making it urgent to strengthen response capabilities going forward.

災害防止・対策の取り組み

災害防止・復旧対策のシステム構築

The Vietnamese government is advancing the strengthening of a comprehensive disaster management system from the national to the local level, aiming to reduce disaster risks and improve emergency response capabilities. In 2023, based on the Civil Defense Law, the “Vietnam National Civil Defense Steering Committee (VNCIVDEF)” was established, integrating the functions of the existing National Steering Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and Control (NSCNDPC) and the National Committee for Accident, Disaster Response, and Search and Rescue (VINASARCOM).

The committee is chaired by the Prime Minister and consists of ministers from various ministries, the Chief of Staff, representatives from the Vietnam Fatherland Front, the Women’s Union, the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, the Vietnam Red Cross, and other major social organizations, promoting effective disaster countermeasures through collaboration across a wide range of fields.

また地方レベルにおいても、省・地区・コミューン（基礎自治体）単位で民間防衛指令部を配置し、災害予防、管理、捜索救助活動の計画・実施を担い、地域の実情に応じた対応を行っている。

早期警戒システム（EWS）の強化

Vietnam’s Early Warning System (EWS) has been significantly strengthened in recent years based on the national strategy for disaster risk management. Under the management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment, a monitoring system for various hazard factors such as meteorological, river, hydrological, seismic, and coastal data, has been established, focusing on forecasting and issuing warnings before disasters occur.

In particular, efforts are being made to advance the transition to “Impact-Based Forecasting and Warning (IbFW),” which emphasizes the impact on society and infrastructure. The Vietnam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration (VNMHA) is taking the lead in improving forecast accuracy and strengthening information-sharing systems through collaboration with regional mechanisms such as the Southeast Asia Flood Alert System (SeAFFGS) and international partners.

These initiatives align with the United Nations’ concept of “Early Warning Systems for All People,” and Vietnam aims to complete the establishment of a nationwide early warning network by 2027.

ベトナムの課題と日本企業の事業機会

As mentioned above, although Vietnam is making progress in developing a national disaster prevention system and early warning system, there are still issues that remain. In 2024, the powerful typhoon “Yagi” damaged more than 100,000 houses in Quang Ninh Province[2] 、フート省においては橋梁の崩落が発生するなど特に北部地域のインフラ脆弱性が顕在化した[3].

さらに、洪水監視システムや排水設備が十分に整備されていなかったことから被害の拡大を招いた例も確認されている。これらの状況を踏まえ、最新の防災機器や老朽化設備の更新を含む技術投資が必要であると、政府と人道支援機関も認識している。

日本はベトナムにおける災害耐性向上の分野で長年にわたり重要なパートナーとして関与している。例えば、国際協力機構（JICA）はベトナム中部地域における災害に強いコミュニティの構築支援を行い、地域住民の対応力向上や早期警戒システムの強化、災害情報管理プラットフォームの構築などに取り組んでいる。

In addition, the Japan Disaster Prevention Platform is promoting the introduction of disaster prevention technologies through the “Japan-Vietnam Disaster Prevention Collaborative Dialogue,” and the Ministry of the Environment is conducting a demonstration test of an early warning system in Hanoi.

Going forward, continued cooperation leveraging Japan’s disaster prevention technology and expertise will be required, and it is also expected that business opportunities in the disaster prevention sector in Vietnam will expand for Japanese companies.

以上の状況から、ベトナムは防災と安全技術に関して大きな潜在市場であると考えられる。台風、洪水、土砂災害などの自然災害リスクが今後さらに増大すると予測される中、近年の大型台風による深刻な被害も重なり、効果的な防災・減災策への需要が一層高まっている。

【図3】需要の拡大が見込まれる防災関連設備・技術の例

出典: B&Company

As the Vietnamese government promotes “building a disaster-resilient country,” the introduction of these disaster prevention-related technologies and products is required to be carried out with consideration for sustainability. International technical cooperation in the disaster prevention field is expected to contribute not only to enhancing disaster response capabilities within Vietnam but also to strengthening disaster prevention capacities throughout Southeast Asia.

[1] 出典：Voice of Vietnam（ベトナム国家ラジオ放送局）のニュース「2024年は甚大な被害をもたらす、極めて壊滅的な自然災害が続いた」（2024年12月）

[2] 出典：FPT Online（オンラインニュースメディア）のニュース「クアンニン省、嵐で家屋が倒壊した世帯に1億ドンを支援」（2024年7月）

[3] 出典：Center for Disaster Philanthropy（米国の災害対応・復興プラットフォーム）のニュース「2024年スーパー台風八木」（2024年5月）

* この記事の情報を引用する場合は、著作権を尊重するため、出典と元の記事へのリンクを明記してください。.