越南畜牧业及外商直接投资公司的参与

越南畜牧业及FDI企业的参与

182 月2025

B&Company

B&Company是自2008年以来第一家专注于越南市场研究和投资咨询的日本公司。.

本文使用英语撰写，其它语言版本使用自动翻译。请参考英文版以获得准确内容。尽管我们努力确保原始信息的准确性，但请分别检查每条信息。对信息的解释与未来展望是每位研究者的个人观点。.

越南畜牧业概览

畜牧业是越南农业经济的重要组成部分，近年来发展势头强劲。2024年，该行业规模估计超过260亿美元[1], accounting for 26% of Vietnam’s agriculture GDP value[2]. The main outputs include livestock meat, eggs, and milk, all showing strong growth trends. Between 2019 and 2024, total meat production achieved a CAGR of 5%, while egg and milk production grew at CAGRs of around 5% and 4% respectively[3] [4].

The swine and poultry industries are key drivers of Vietnam’s livestock sector due to their dominant share of total output and consistent growth. Together, swine and poultry output accounted for over 90% of the sector’s meat production in 2024, showing relatively consistent growth. Between 2019 and 2024, pig and chicken populations grew annually by 6% and 4%, respectively, while cow numbers fluctuated, and buffalo numbers steadily declined[5]. In 2024, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) highlighted that Vietnam’s pork production ranked 6th globally with an output of 3.55 million tonnes in retail weight, corresponding to 3% of global output[6].

越南畜牧业的主要肉类产品 行业 以活重计，2019年至2024年

(Unit: thousand tonnes and %)
Main meat products of Vietnam’s livestock sector in living weight from 2019 to 2024

来源： 越南统计年鉴, MARD、B&Company 合成

尽管国内生产能力强劲，该行业仍录得巨额贸易逆差，尤其是在肉类行业。2023年，越南进口了15亿美元的肉类产品，而出口额仅约1.1亿美元[7]. 。冷冻牛肉主要来自印度[8], led in imported value at 660 million USD, accounting for 44% of total imported meat in the same year. The import of frozen swine meat surged between 2019 and 2020[9] ，因为政府为弥补非洲猪瘟疫情对国内供应造成的损失而进行了补充[10]. Since then, it has become Vietnam’s second imported meat product by value, making up 19% of the total meat imports in 2023.

Structure of Vietnam’s meat imports in 2023 by product category and source country (Unit: %)

来源： Trade map、B&Company 合成

电视越南畜牧业的FDI情况在越南畜牧业

In 2022, the livestock sector had 81 licensed FDI projects, accounting for 16% of active projects in agriculture, forestry, and fishing[11]. 。然而，该行业吸引了22亿美元投资，占这些行业384亿美元注册资本总额中的相当大份额[12].

Vietnam’s livestock industry is highly concentrated, with FDI companies dominating over 50% of total net revenue in 2022[13]. In the same period, the Southeast region, Mekong Delta, and Red River Delta accounted for 90% of revenue, 60% of which came from FDI firms. Although they made up less than 5% of sector participants, large FDI companies contributed over half of total revenue.

Foreign-invested companies are prominent in livestock supply, particularly in the pork and chicken markets. In 2022, they accounted for 43% of the pork supply, followed by farming households at 38% and Vietnamese companies at 19%[14]. Vietnam Poultry Association (VIPA) also highlighted that FDI companies controlled 90% of the supply of white-feather chickens and 55% of the supply of traditional-breed chickens[15]. Animal feed production also saw strong FDI involvement, with foreign firms producing 13 million tonnes in 2022, securing a 63% market share[16].

国际投资的机遇与挑战

尽管日本企业在越南畜牧业的投资仍然有限[17], ，但该行业不断演变的格局正在带来新的商业机会。.

（1）由于行业’s 高需求，对畜禽育种和养殖的投资受到强力支持

从国内来看，越南的肉类消费水平较高且仍在上升，尤其是猪肉[18]. 。政府也在努力为畜牧产品开拓新市场，例如中国和清真市场[19]. 。越南和日本也希望改善双边贸易，加强对鸡肉出口的支持，并为越南猪肉开辟新的贸易路线[20].

随着现代化且可控的从养殖到屠宰流程，企业将能够受益于新兴国际市场，并绕开国际技术壁垒。Koyu & Unitek Co., Ltd.是第一家通过精选鸡种、优质动物饲料和现代化生产线向日本出口鸡肉产品的越南企业。2021年，Vinamilk的子公司Vilico与Sojitz Corporation合作，成立了一家投资5亿美元的养殖及屠宰设施，年产能为1万头牛和1万吨动物产品，凸显了该行业的潜力。.

Vinabeef Tam Đảo Livestock and Chilled Beef Processing Complex in Vĩnh Phúc Province

来源： Vinabeef

(2) 动物饲料投资因需求强劲和政府支持而具有较高潜力

越南是动物饲料及原材料的重要进口国，这使得国内生产在本国和国际市场上的竞争力较弱[21]. 。为降低对进口的依赖，政府已明确表示将大力支持该行业。2024年签署的第106/2024/ND-CP号法令推动了3项支持畜牧业的优先方案[22], ，其中值得关注的是支持动物饲料原材料供应和生产的财政激励措施。.

表1：政府支持国内畜牧饲料供应的财政激励措施

不。.	受激励活动	财政支持金额（单位：百万越南盾/项目）
1	建设技术基础设施以建立原料种植区	最高5,000
2	购买原材料加工的材料和设备	最高1,000
3	购买国外设备以生产饲料添加剂原料	最高2,000
4	购买国外技术许可以生产饲料添加剂单一原料	最高2,000
5	购买散装饲料储罐，供中大型畜牧场使用	最高100
6	购买动物饲料植物品种	最高200

来源： 第106/2024/ND-CP号法令

然而，该行业仍存在值得投资者注意的挑战。首先，动物健康是该行业的重要问题，因为国内供应正受到非洲猪瘟等疾病的威胁。全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定（CPAPP）等自由贸易协定将使该国到2030年对大多数肉类产品的关税降至0%[23]. 。这虽然有助于增加日本对越南的出口，但预计越南市场将充斥来自其他国家的高性价比肉类产品，从而提高市场竞争程度[24].