越南辅助产业的发展

越南配套产业的发展

042 月2025

B&Company

B&Company 是第一家自 2008 年起在越南专门从事市场研究和投资咨询的日本公司。.

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越南辅助产业概况

Vietnam’s supporting industries play a pivotal role in the nation’s economic transformation, driving industrialization and modernization efforts. By bolstering the processing and manufacturing sectors, these industries significantly enhance Vietnam’s overall economic structure. Decree No. 111/2015/ND-CP[1] 支持产业是指为生产成品提供原材料、材料、零部件和备件的产业。

The manufacturing of components and spare parts (including metal, plastic, and electrical-electronic parts and components) is one of three targeted areas within the supporting industry, – alongside the supporting industries for textiles, footwear, and leather, as well as for high-tech industries. In this article, we focus on discussing the field of components, spare parts, and machinery and equipment, which has a strong connection to Japanese collaboration.

From a broad perspective, these “supporting industry” companies are part of Vietnam’s mechanical industry, which, according to the General Statistics Office (GSO), comprises approximately 30,000 enterprises. The whole sector generates a total revenue of over 1.7 quadrillion VND and provides employment for more than 1.2 million workers[2].

Mechanical processing is a subset of the mechanical industry that involves the fabrication and production of components, parts, or products made from metals and other materials through machining methods such as cutting, shaping, casting, forging, stamping, welding, and other mechanical treatment methods. According to statistics from B&Company’s enterprise database based on the Vietnam Standard Industrial Classification (VSIC)[3] 2021年机械加工企业数量[4] 2017 年至 2021 年期间，机械加工、铸造、锻造和冲压领域的公司数量达到 11,998 家，总收入达到 197,9470 亿越南盾，复合年增长率 (CAGR) 为 15%。此外，按加工方法划分，2017 年至 2021 年期间，机械加工、铸造、锻造和冲压领域的公司数量呈逐年增加趋势。

Number of companies by processing method, period of 2017-2021

（单位：家）

数据来源：B&Company企业数据库

从供应链角度来看，工业和贸易部 (MoIT) 报告称，越南目前约有 5,000 家公司为汽车和机械行业供应零部件。其中，70% 为国内制造商服务，8% 为出口商服务（主要针对韩国、日本、中国和美国等主要市场），17% 为两者供应。因此，支持行业内约有 30% 的越南公司已融入全球供应链[5].

哦机遇配套产业发展面临的挑战

在战略地理优势、政府大力支持以及全球制造业巨头的外国投资等因素的推动下，越南的支持行业呈现出巨大的增长机会。

Firstly, Vietnam’s strategic location in Southeast Asia offers excellent access to major regional markets such as China, Japan, and South Korea. This geographic advantage, if combined with an efficient transportation and logistics network, will help to reduce costs and enhance market accessibility. Vietnam has emerged as an attractive destination for global giants such as Apple, Canon, LG, Samsung, Google, and Panasonic. Consequently, when these multinational corporations expand their supply chains into Vietnam, their tier-1 suppliers—such as Foxconn, Jabil, Pegatron, and Wistron—follow suit, further strengthening the country’s industrial base.

Besides, the Vietnamese government actively supports the growth of supporting industries through a range of policies, including tax incentives, financial aid, and access to specialized training programs. In addition, the government has signed multiple Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), further boosting the country’s export activities and global trade connections.

However, despite remarkable success in attracting foreign investment, Vietnam’s supporting industries continue to face significant hurdles. 88% of local companies in these industries are classified as small or medium-sized enterprises, who often struggle with limited financial and human resources. Moreover, Vietnam lacks industry-leading companies with strong market influence, and investment in research and development (R&D) as well as new product innovation remains minimal. These challenges limit the country’s ability to fully integrate into global value chains.[6] 更为困难的是，国际公司往往依赖本土市场的知名供应商或公司，而越南公司则处于不利地位。与主要全球品牌的联系薄弱，往往使当地企业处于被动地位，难以获得有利的条款和合作伙伴关系。[7]

机会吨团结为了日本企业进军越南配套产业

Japan has established itself as one of Vietnam’s most significant economic partners, playing a crucial role in the development of the country’s industrial and supporting industries through substantial investment and close collaboration. Among 143 countries and territories investing in Vietnam, Japan stands out as the third-largest investor, with around 5,300 projects totaling $74 billion in value, more than 70% of which are in the industrial sector[8].

Vietnam’s supporting industry is receiving much attention from Japanese businesses and investors. Mr. Takeo Nakajima, Chief Representative of the Japan External Trade Organization in Hanoi, emphasized Japan’s strong interest in Vietnam, stating, “Many Japanese enterprises now consider Vietnam an indispensable link in their supply chain. To further strengthen this role, Vietnam needs to focus on the extensive development of its supporting industries. A stable domestic supply of raw materials and components will enable businesses to create more flexible supply chains, reduce costs, and drive the advancement of the domestic manufacturing and processing sectors”[9].

另一方面，根据JETRO的调查，日本企业在越南的本地化率已从十年前的28%增加到2022年的37%[10]；但这些公司也面临困难，特别是在供应商质量方面。尽管一些公司实现了较高的本地化率，但对能够提供有竞争力的价格的可靠、高质量供应商的需求仍然是进一步发展的挑战。

针对这种情况，许多越南配套行业企业都表示将致力于满足日本合作伙伴的高标准。这些越南公司愿意继续投资设施和技术，以满足日本的标准，这反映了这些合作伙伴关系在推动行业增长和成功方面的重要性。

此外，越南政府大力推动配套产业的发展。政府认识到降低成本对越南配套产业的发展至关重要，因此出台了优惠贷款、免税和无担保等举措，帮助企业扩大生产并融入全球供应链。第111/2015/ND-CP号法令的拟议修正案旨在拓宽配套产业的定义，并为涉及锻造和电镀等关键生产环节的企业提供更多激励措施。该修正案还寻求利用越南的自由贸易协定，提高原材料的本地化程度，减少对进口的依赖。展望未来，工贸部正在起草《关键工业法》 [11] ，为加工、制造和配套产业的发展建立统一的法律框架。

In conclusion, Japan’s strong investment and collaboration offer significant opportunities for advancing Vietnam’s supporting industries. With government incentives and improved localization efforts, Vietnam still presents a promising direction for Japanese companies to strengthen supply chains and foster sustainable partnerships.

[1] 第 111/2015/ND-CP 号法令，关于发展辅助产业使用权>

[2] Vietnam Industry Agency (2022) Overview of Vietnam’s mechanical market in 2022 <使用权>

[3] 越南标准行业分类 (VSIC)使用权>

[4] VSIC 24310 钢铁铸造；VSIC 24320 有色金属铸造；VSIC 25910 金属锻造、压制、冲压和滚压成型；粉末冶金；VSIC 25920 机械加工（钻孔、车床、切割、研磨..）；金属处理和涂层

[5] 工贸部（2023）：支撑产业企业需更贴近全球价值链交通>

[6] 胡志明市辅助工业发展中心 – CSID (2023)：越南辅助工业在哪里交通>

[7] VNEconomy（2024）：支持产业发展使用权>

[8] VNBusiness (2024): 日本企业认为越南是安全的投资目的地使用权>

[9] CafeF（2023）：发展配套产业，吸引日本企业使用权>

[10] CafeF（2023）：发展配套产业，吸引日本企业使用权>

[11] 越南政府门户网站（2024）：制定重点行业法的提案使用权>

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