Among them, Typhoon “Yagi,” which made landfall in September 2024, was considered a once-in-70-year event and caused extensive and severe damage over a wide area. Additionally, the severe droughts in the Mekong Delta during 2015-2016 and 2020 resulted in saltwater intrusion occurring at levels exceeding the usual timing and extent, making it urgent to strengthen response capabilities going forward.

방재 및 대책을 위한 이니셔티브

재난 예방 및 복구 대책을 위한 시스템 구축

The Vietnamese government is advancing the strengthening of a comprehensive disaster management system from the national to the local level, aiming to reduce disaster risks and improve emergency response capabilities. In 2023, based on the Civil Defense Law, the “Vietnam National Civil Defense Steering Committee (VNCIVDEF)” was established, integrating the functions of the existing National Steering Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and Control (NSCNDPC) and the National Committee for Accident, Disaster Response, and Search and Rescue (VINASARCOM).

The committee is chaired by the Prime Minister and consists of ministers from various ministries, the Chief of Staff, representatives from the Vietnam Fatherland Front, the Women’s Union, the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, the Vietnam Red Cross, and other major social organizations, promoting effective disaster countermeasures through collaboration across a wide range of fields.

지방 차원에서도 도·군·읍(기초지방행정기관)에 민간방위지휘센터를 설치하여 재난예방·관리·수색·구조 활동을 기획·실시하고, 지역의 실정에 맞춰 대응하도록 하고 있습니다.

조기경보체계(EWS) 강화

Vietnam’s Early Warning System (EWS) has been significantly strengthened in recent years based on the national strategy for disaster risk management. Under the management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment, a monitoring system for various hazard factors such as meteorological, river, hydrological, seismic, and coastal data, has been established, focusing on forecasting and issuing warnings before disasters occur.

In particular, efforts are being made to advance the transition to “Impact-Based Forecasting and Warning (IbFW),” which emphasizes the impact on society and infrastructure. The Vietnam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration (VNMHA) is taking the lead in improving forecast accuracy and strengthening information-sharing systems through collaboration with regional mechanisms such as the Southeast Asia Flood Alert System (SeAFFGS) and international partners.

These initiatives align with the United Nations’ concept of “Early Warning Systems for All People,” and Vietnam aims to complete the establishment of a nationwide early warning network by 2027.

베트남의 도전과 일본 기업의 사업 기회

As mentioned above, although Vietnam is making progress in developing a national disaster prevention system and early warning system, there are still issues that remain. In 2024, the powerful typhoon “Yagi” damaged more than 100,000 houses in Quang Ninh Province[2] 특히 북부 지역의 인프라 취약성을 강조하며 Phu Tho Province에서 다리 붕괴를 일으켰습니다.[3].

또한, 적절한 홍수 감시 체계와 배수 시설의 부족으로 피해가 확대되는 사례도 확인되고 있습니다. 이러한 상황을 바탕으로 정부와 인도적 지원 단체들은 최신 방재 장비 도입 및 노후 시설 개선을 포함한 기술 투자의 필요성을 인식하고 있습니다.

일본은 베트남의 재난 복원력 향상 분야에서 오랫동안 중요한 파트너로서 참여해 왔습니다. 예를 들어, 일본국제협력기구(JICA)는 베트남 중부 지역의 재난 복원력 있는 공동체 구축을 지원하고, 지역 주민의 대응 역량 강화, 조기 경보 시스템 강화, 그리고 재난 정보 관리 플랫폼 구축에 힘쓰고 있습니다.

In addition, the Japan Disaster Prevention Platform is promoting the introduction of disaster prevention technologies through the “Japan-Vietnam Disaster Prevention Collaborative Dialogue,” and the Ministry of the Environment is conducting a demonstration test of an early warning system in Hanoi.

Going forward, continued cooperation leveraging Japan’s disaster prevention technology and expertise will be required, and it is also expected that business opportunities in the disaster prevention sector in Vietnam will expand for Japanese companies.

이러한 상황을 바탕으로 베트남은 방재 및 안전 기술 분야에서 중요한 잠재 시장으로 여겨집니다. 태풍, 홍수, 산사태 등 자연재해 위험이 더욱 증가할 것으로 예상되고, 최근 대형 태풍으로 인한 피해가 심각해짐에 따라 효과적인 방재 및 완화 조치에 대한 수요가 더욱 커지고 있습니다.

[그림 3] 방재 관련 장비 및 기술 수요 증가 예상 사례

출처: B&Company

As the Vietnamese government promotes “building a disaster-resilient country,” the introduction of these disaster prevention-related technologies and products is required to be carried out with consideration for sustainability. International technical cooperation in the disaster prevention field is expected to contribute not only to enhancing disaster response capabilities within Vietnam but also to strengthening disaster prevention capacities throughout Southeast Asia.

[1] 출처:Voice of Vietnam(베트남국제가족라지오放送局)のnu-sw2024년, 극심하고 파괴적인 자연재해로 막대한 피해 발생」（2024年12月）

[2] 출처:FPT Online(온라인뉴스미디어)のNews꽝닌성, 폭풍으로 집이 무너진 가구당 1억 동 지원」（2024年7月）

[3] 休典：재난 자선 센터(米國の災害対応・復興프랏트포무)のnu-sw2024년 슈퍼 태풍 야기」（2024年5月）

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