During the Lunar New Year, many Vietnamese people visit temples to pray for happiness and prosperity in the year ahead. When I visited Nom Pagoda in Hung Yen Province, just outside Hanoi in February, I observed a school of colorful carp swimming in the pond within the temple grounds. The vibrant fish, enhancing the serene atmosphere of the traditional architecture, appeared to symbolize the increasing popularity of carp in Vietnam in recent years.

[Figure 1] Chua Nom Temple

Imports of Japanese freshwater ornamental fish have surged tenfold over the past decade.

Carp farming in Vietnam began in the 1980s, with domestically produced carp gradually being distributed. The cultural significance of carp is that they are considered auspicious creatures symbolizing “strength,” “perseverance,” and “success,” much like in China and Japan. In particular, the story of a carp crossing the Dragon’s Gate to become a dragon is widely known, which has led to the creation of ponds in Buddhist temples and private homes.

According to the Japanese Ministry of Finance’s trade statistics (HS030111), the value of freshwater ornamental fish exports from Japan to Vietnam has increased 15-fold over the past 10 years, rising from approximately 30 million yen in 2013 to around 450 million yen in 2023 (Figure 2).

[Figure 2] Export value of freshwater ornamental fish (Japan → Vietnam: million yen)

Carp farms are increasing in Hai Phong, while domestic carp breeding is also diversifying.

Aquaculture has also developed in the country, with around 40 carp farms concentrated in An Lao district, Hai Phong, covering a total area of 16.5ha [1]. While Japanese Nishikigoi can cost up to tens of millions of VND (equivalent to hundreds of thousands of yen) per fish, Vietnamese Nishikigoi have a wider price range, starting from just a few million VND, allowing them to penetrate a wider range of demographics [2]. In addition, the fact that they are resistant to disease and easy to raise is another reason why they are popular with beginners.

The garden pond culture among the wealthy is gaining more attention.

The popularity of carp extends beyond the demand for ornamental fish, also influencing the spatial design of residential and commercial facilities. Notably, the design of koi ponds in the gardens of villas in urban areas has been a long-standing trend, with construction costs ranging from 8 million VND to several hundred million VND.[3]