그러나 이러한 시설만으로는 빠르게 성장하는 도시의 수요를 충족하기에 충분하지 않았습니다. 대부분의 시설은 처리 용량이 제한적으로 설계되어 하노이의 생활하수 처리율은 약 30%에 불과했습니다[12]. 2025년까지 하수 처리율을 50%~55%로 높이고 산업 클러스터와 공예 마을에서 발생하는 하수의 100% 처리를 달성하려면[13], 추가적인 하수 처리 및 수집 시설이 필요합니다. 2022년 하노이시는 2021~2025년 중기 공공투자계획에 따라 공공투자 자금을 활용한 4개 하수처리 프로젝트의 투자 절차에 착수했으며, 남뜨리엠과 롱비엔 구에서 사회적 자본을 활용하는 3개 프로젝트도 추가로 추진했습니다[14].

옌싸 하수처리장의 시범 운영

하노이의 하수처리 인프라에서 가장 중요한 진전 중 하나는 옌싸 하수처리장의 시범 운영입니다. 이 프로젝트는 하노이가 환경 목표를 달성하고 또릭강, 루강, 셋강 및 뉴에강 일부 구간의 오염을 해소하는 데 중추적인 역할을 할 것으로 기대됩니다[15].

Yen Xa wastewater treatment plant to start trial operation in early December, 2024

출처: Vneconomy

개발계획 제189/KH-UBND호에 포함된 옌싸 하수처리장은 일본 정부의 ODA 차관으로 자금을 조달했습니다[16]. 이 시설은 타인리엣 코뮌 타인찌 구에 건설되었으며, 면적은 13.8헥타르, 총 투자액은 16조 2,930억 VND를 초과합니다. 이 프로젝트에는 일일 270,000m³의 처리 용량을 갖춘 하수처리장 건설과 하수 수집관, 차집관 및 연결 시스템 구축이 포함됩니다[17]. 공사는 2016년에 시작되어 2022년 운영 개시가 예정되어 있었습니다. 그러나 코로나19 팬데믹의 복잡한 상황으로 준공 일정이 지연되었으며, 6개월간의 시범 운영은 12월 1일에 시작되었습니다^성, 2024[18].

The facility utilizes state-of-the-art technologies for wastewater treatment. The Yen Xa Wastewater Treatment Plant is also one of the few plants that uses advanced treatment technologies, meeting European standards and ensuring that the treated wastewater meets Class A standards according to Vietnamese regulations. In addition, the plant has a sludge treatment system that applies the traditional Activated Sludge (AO) process, which is widely used globally in large-scale wastewater treatment plants. One of the unique features of the Yen Xa Wastewater Treatment Plant is its high-load filtration system, which allows the plant to double its capacity during rainfall. Under normal conditions, the plant can process up to 270,000 m³ of wastewater per day and night. However, during heavy rainfall, the plant’s capacity can increase to 480,000 m³ [19].

Potential development of wastewater treatment in Hanoi and opportunities for international collaboration

The trial operation of Yen Xa plant and its future operation create a positive outlook for the wastewater treatment problems faced by Hanoi and the pollution threats for the local people. The trial run of the plant sets to improve Hanoi’swastewater treatment rate to 40%, whilst the official operation is expected to help the city to meet its target rate of 50%[20]. The authorities also set to improve the wastewater gathering and treatment percentage to 70% by 2030 in the Decision No. 1569/QD-TTG signed in 2024[21], which further illustrate the government’s concerns for environmental struggles and commitments towards “green” goals.

The project also highlights optimal usage of foreign aids and expertise and potentials for global partnerships. Hanoi has leveraged Japanese ODA extensively to help with improving the wastewater treatment infrastructure, international collaboration through the build-and-transfer method is also adopted for many major projects in the city (See Table 1). As the government targets for better treatment rate and 9 billion USD is required to build adequate infrastructure[22], international collaboration will be the key for the government to meet the rising generation of wastewater and effluents.

결론

The trial operation of the Yen Xa Wastewater Treatment Plant marks a significant step in Hanoi’s battle against water pollution. With its advanced treatment technologies and large-scale capacity, the facility holds the potential to transform the city’s water quality, reduce the risk of waterborne diseases, and improve the overall health and well-being of the population. The project also marks the city’s strategy to put international supports to good use, and set the city for future partnerships to build a sustainable, environmentally-friendly urban future

[1] Legal News. Hanoi ‘solves the problem’ of environmental pollution from wastewater sources <평가하다>

[2] MOC. Hanoi: Emphasizing New Solutions in Wastewater Collection and Treatment <평가하다>

[3] Vietnamnews. Technology solutions key to Hà Nội’s wastewater issues <평가하다>

[4] MOC. Hanoi: Emphasizing New Solutions in Wastewater Collection and Treatment <평가하다>

[5] Government News. Focusing on new solutions in wastewater collection and treatment <평가하다>

[6] Legal News. Hanoi ‘solves the problem’ of environmental pollution from wastewater sources <평가하다>

[7] MOC. Hanoi: Emphasizing New Solutions in Wastewater Collection and Treatment <평가하다>

[8] VOV. People in Hanoi’s outskirts suffering due to polluted water sources, leading to numerous health issues <평가하다>

[9] World Bank. Vietnam’s Growth and Success Comes with Challenges for Water Resources <평가하다>

[10] TVPL. Development plan No. 189/KH-UBND for Urban Wastewater Collection and Treatment System in Hanoi until 2020 <평가하다>

[11] TVPL. Development plan No. 312/KH-UBN for the Urban Drainage and Wastewater Treatment System of Hanoi City for the Period 2021-2025 <평가하다>

[12] TVPL. Development plan No. 312/KH-UBN for the Urban Drainage and Wastewater Treatment System of Hanoi City for the Period 2021-2025 <평가하다>

[13] TVPL. Resolution No. 20/NQ-HDND on the 5-Year Socio-Economic Development Plan for 2021-2025 <평가하다>

[14] Environment & Life Magazine. Hanoi: Implementation of 4 wastewater treatment projects with public investment funds in 2022 <평가하다>

[15] Cafef. Overview of the Largest Wastewater Treatment Plant in Northern Vietnam, worth 16,000 Billion VND, helping revive several rivers in Hanoi <평가하다>

[16] TVPL. Development plan No. 189/KH-UBND for Urban Wastewater Collection and Treatment System in Hanoi until 2020 <평가하다>

[17] Thanhnien. Yen Xa Wastewater Treatment Plant to begin trial operations after 8 years of construction <평가하다>

[18] Vietnamplus. Hanoi Begins Trial Operation of Yen Xa Wastewater Treatment Plant, Helping Reduce Environmental Pollution <평가하다>

[19] Cafef. Overview of the Largest Wastewater Treatment Plant in Northern Vietnam, worth 16,000 Billion VND, helping revive several rivers in Hanoi <평가하다>

[20] Vietnamplus. Hanoi Begins Trial Operation of Yen Xa Wastewater Treatment Plant, Helping Reduce Environmental Pollution <평가하다>

[21] TVPL. Decision No. 1569/QD-TTG Approving the Master Plan for Hanoi Capital Development in the 2021-2030 Period, Vision to 2050 <평가하다>

[22] Vnexpress. Vietnam needs $9B worth of water infrastructure investment: World Bank  <평가하다>

* 이 기사에서 정보를 인용하고자 하신다면 출처를 원문 기사 링크와 함께 인용하여 저작권을 존중해 주시기 바랍니다.