Vietnam currently ranks among the top 30 countries generating the largest volumes of wastewater worldwide; however, only a small fraction of this wastewater is treated before being discharged into the environment. According to Vietnam Water Supply and Sewerage Association (VWSA), about 12 million cubic meters of wastewater are generated across the country daily, with up to 87% released untreated into the environment.

Vietnam, like many rapidly developing nations, faces significant challenges in managing solid waste. With increasing urbanization, industrialization, and a rising population, solid waste generation in Vietnam has soared in recent years.