Decree No. 168/2025/ND-CP

– An individual who truly owns the charter capital or has controlling rights over the enterprise, regardless of whether their name appears on official documents.

– Does not apply to representatives of state capital in wholly state-owned enterprises or enterprises with state capital.

·        Identification criteria (Article 17, Decree 168/2025/ND-CP):

– Direct/indirect ownership of ≥25% of charter capital or voting shares.

– Right to control major decisions: appoint/dismiss executives, amend the charter, change organizational structure, reorganize or dissolve the enterprise.

·        Disclosure obligations: declare when establishing or upon changes; report updates within 10 days; retain information for at least 5 years after dissolution/bankruptcy.

-> Purpose: enhance transparency and combat money laundering.

•        Shorter processing time; removal of certain residence verification steps.

•        May retain original nationality if committing to long-term investment, contributing to science/technology (as verified), and with no legal violations.

•        Applications can be submitted at Vietnamese diplomatic missions abroad, reducing time and cost.

•        Corporate income tax (CIT) exemption for 4–9 years, followed by 50% reduction for 5–10 years, now extended to key digital technology projects (previously limited to software/high-tech R&D).

•        Land rent exemption up to 15 years; full exemption for key projects in concentrated digital technology zones or disadvantaged areas.

•        Local budget support for infrastructure investment (e.g., factories, R&D centers, machinery procurement) — up to 30% of total infrastructure investment cost as per Decree No. 32/2024/ND-CP.

•        Permission to import used equipment over 10 years old if meeting technical standards.

•        Customs incentives: fast clearance, single-window electronic declaration, post-clearance audit priority.

-> Ensures one unique ID per person, improving income/tax tracking.

•        Defines acceptable non-cash payment methods (checks, payment orders, bank cards, e-wallets, etc.).

•        For debt offset or installment purchases, VAT deduction allowed without payment documents at due date, but adjustments required if payment is ultimately not made via non-cash methods.

•        Expands mandatory coverage to registered household business owners and part-time/flexible workers.

•        Restricts one-time social insurance withdrawal, except for special cases.