Vietnam’s textile and garment industry is a key economic sector, contributing significantly to the country’s export revenue and providing employment for millions of workers nationwide. As one of the world’s leading manufacturers and exporters of apparel, the industry has established a strong reputation for product quality and production flexibility, being an ideal hub for numerous global brands.

2019年我国橡胶产量情况纺织服装 越南产品

Vietnam is a key manufacturing hub for many of the world’s leading fashion brands. With its strategic position in the global supply chain, Vietnam’s textile and garment industry has attracted significant investment from major corporations. Ho Chi Minh City is recognized as home to Vietnam’s largest port, and the southern region is a major concentration of garment factories. This area, considered a textile and garment hub for decades, is known for its skilled and abundant workforce. Brands such as NIKE, ADIDAS, and UNIQLO have chosen Vietnam as a key production base.

越南制造的品牌示例

来源：B&Company 编译

根据 维塔斯， in 2023, Vietnam’s textile and garment industry comprised approximately 7,000 enterprises. Notably, 80% of these are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with foreign direct investment (FDI) companies accounting for just over 10%. The industry employs 3 million workers, with 70% of its capacity dedicated to manufacturing. Vitas’s statistics 数据显示，在3800多家纺织厂中，有70%从事服装生产，其中只有6%生产纱线，17%生产布料，4%为染色厂。

纺织和服装厂 在越南，更新至 2023

100%=约3,800家工厂

来源： 越南经济

钢材出口情况纺织服装 产品 在越南

作为纺织品和服装的主要制造中心，越南已成为纺织品和服装出口的全球领导者。值得注意的是，该行业表现出了非凡的韧性，从新冠疫情中强势反弹。根据越南纺织服装协会 (Vitas) 和工业和贸易部的数据，2023 年出口额估计为 403 亿美元，约占 占出口总额的12.52%预计到 2024 年底将达到 $440 亿美元，凸显了这一重要行业的巨大增长潜力。

Export value of Vietnam textiles and garments from 2019 – 2024F

来源： 维塔斯

根据 Tradeinmex， Vietnam is the third largest clothing exporter in the world in 2023, after China and Bangladesh. Clothes made in Vietnam are sold to over 180 countries and territories. Vietnam exports the majority of its textiles and garments to the United States, accounting for nearly 50%, followed by Japan at approximately 13%, and the EU. These markets highlight Vietnam’s strong presence in the global textile trade. The high demand from these regions underscores the competitiveness and quality of Vietnam’s textile and garment industry.

Main export market of Vietnam textiles and garments in 2023

100%=403亿美元

来源： 统计局

越南纺织服装制造的优势与挑战

优点

The most valued advantage of Vietnam’s textile and garment industry lies in its flexibility and agility. Vietnam has the capacity to design and manufacture a wide range of clothing styles, from basic to high-end apparel, catering to diverse customer demands. Unlike Bangladesh, which primarily focuses on basic clothing such as T-shirts and jeans, Vietnam excels in producing high-value garments, including jackets, sportswear, swimwear, and tailored suits, requiring advanced craftsmanship and technical expertise.

The second advantage is speed to market. Vietnam is highly rated in this criterion due to its extensive port system. Additionally, participation in numerous free trade agreements (FTAs) has facilitated Vietnam’s textile and garment exports to various markets. One of the key beneficiaries of these agreements is the textile and garment sector under the CPTPP (Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership). This is a leading export industry that has seen strong growth of over 50%.

根据 致越南纺织服装协会（VITAS）主席武德江先生），2024年前8个月，全球纺织品服装出口额约达320亿美元，其中CPTPP市场约占16%。自CPTPP生效以来，越南对墨西哥的纺织品服装出口大幅增长。2024年前7个月，对墨西哥出口额创下1.1906亿美元的历史新高，较2018年前7个月（CPTPP生效前）的5422万美元增加119.58%，较2019年前7个月（CPTPP实施元年）的6947万美元增加71.38%。越南工业还受益于EVFTA（欧盟-越南自由贸易协定）和RCEP（区域全面经济伙伴关系）等自由贸易协定。

挑战

Vietnam’s textile and garment industry previously leveraged its low-cost labor and high-skilled workers, enabling the production of intricate items requiring advanced sewing techniques. This advantage attracted numerous CMT (cut, make, trim) orders over the past 20 years, with Vinatex achieving significant success. However, other countries like Bangladesh, Indonesia, India, and AGOA nations have now emerged with better sourcing costs, indicating that this advantage is unsustainable in the long term.

由于绿色生产实践的采用有限，越南纺织品出口面临挑战，许多企业未能满足国际环境和社会标准，导致市场准入受限和失去机会越南纺织业已经失去了一些孟加拉国的订单, a country that has rapidly embraced green supply chain practices. Bangladesh has proactively managed and invested in green infrastructure, as of August 2024, Bangladesh boasts approximately 230 LEED-certified factories, 40% of which have achieved LEED Platinum, the highest standard for green production established by the U.S. Green Building Council. Furthermore, an additional 500 textile factories in Bangladesh are awaiting LEED certification evaluations. In contrast, only 10% of Vietnam’s LEED-certified projects belong to the textile sector, highlighting the country’s speed in adopting industry-wide sustainable practices.

结论

Vietnam’s textile and garment industry has established itself as a critical player in the global supply chain, supported by its strategic location, skilled workforce, and strong presence of leading international brands. The industry’s flexibility, speed to market, and access to numerous free trade agreements have further strengthened its export capabilities. The sector faces significant challenges, particularly in adopting sustainable and green production practices, which are increasingly demanded by global markets. Therefore, the Vietnamese government has been actively promoting and supporting the green transition in the textile and garment industry to align with international sustainability standards.

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