ベトナムの物流市場に関する短報

The logistics industry is expanding rapidly. Growing at an annual rate of approximately 14-16%, it has reached about 52 billion USD, accounting for roughly 10% of GDP. Its accessible location for overseas trade (extensive coastline, rivers, and land borders) and trade agreements (EVFTA, CPTPP, RCEP, etc.) facilitate integration into global supply chains and are essential elements enabling the processing trade model. While high logistics costs were a challenge, improvements in transport infrastructure and competition have boosted efficiency. By 2023, Vietnam’s ranking in the World Bank’s Logistics Performance Index rose to 43rd out of 139 countries.

基本統計

規制

Foreign ownership restrictions in the logistics sector range from 34% to 100%. Foreign equity is capped at 34% for air cargo, 49% for maritime, rail, and inland waterway transport, and 51% for road freight transport. Conversely, warehousing, express delivery (parcel and package), and freight forwarding allow for full foreign ownership. While license acquisition and compliance with industry regulations remain necessary, institutional reforms accompanying WTO accession and various FTAs have gradually eased entry procedures and equity restrictions for foreign investment, particularly in warehousing and forwarding. Furthermore, while the government maintains foreign ownership caps for core transport services like aviation, shipping, and railways to safeguard sovereignty and security, it actively promotes foreign and private capital participation in infrastructure sectors such as airports, ports, and highways through FDI and PPP schemes.

2023年、政府決定163/NQ-CP 2022により、デジタル化と効率性を重視する国家物流戦略が策定された。今後は、輸出企業や大手小売業者向けにサプライチェーン全体を管理する新たな4PL（Fourth- Party Logistics）104事業者やデジタル貨物プラットフォームの成長が見込まれる。海外投資家には、港湾ターミナル、コールドストレージ、内陸物流ハブといったインフラへの投資機会に加え、効率性と可視性を高めるソフトウェア・プラットフォームへの投資機会がある。.

急成長を遂げる市場規模と背景

Total cargo volume rose at a 9% annual rate from 1.38 billion tons in 2017 to 2.58 billion tons in 2024.