미국 관세 체제 하에서 베트남 무역이 위협받고 있다는 간략 보고서

The trade environment is undergoing a critical transition amid global trends. While 2024 saw a robust recovery, the introduction of U.S. retaliatory tariffs in 2025 caused immediate disruption, exposing structural vulnerabilities in the export-driven economy. Although the government successfully negotiated a trade agreement with the U.S., concerns over transshipment remain a challenge, necessitating urgent efforts to promote industrial localization, diversify export markets, and strengthen strict traceability. This structural shift presents both new opportunities and heightened risks, becoming a major factor for foreign investors evaluating the Vietnamese market. Trade Situation Overview Since 2009, trade has grown steadily, with a notable surge in 2021 and 2022 31 . In 2023, geopolitical tensions and inflation led to a decline in global demand for electronics, textiles and apparel, footwear, and furniture, resulting in the first decrease in over a decade32 . Recovery signs emerged from late 2023, with total trade volume rebounding to 786 billion USD in 2024, marking a 16% year-on-year increase. Exports exceeded 400 billion USD (up 14%), accounting for 2% of global trade33 , while imports also recovered, rising 17% to surpass 380 billion USD, offsetting the 10% decline seen in 2023.