Vietnam\u2019s urban transit remains bus-led while metro, BRT, river buses, and public bicycles are emerging\u2014but service integration is still weak. Ridership has bifurcated: buses primarily serve cost-sensitive users (elderly, students, low-income workers), whereas metro attracts time-sensitive commuters and students with reliable, congestion-free travel. The article argues for a dual strategy\u2014preserve buses as a social safety net and accelerate metro expansion\u2014anchored by integration (unified ticketing, transfer hubs, feeder routes) to curb congestion and pollution and enable inclusive, sustainable mobility.<\/p>\n